群落

The analysis results for community species component and plant diversity showed that exclusion did change the species component and increase plant diversity remarkably, while the indicateor life-form structure, palatability analysis indicated that community for old exclusion is becoming perennity and unpalatability, whereas community for comparative exclusion is under stable non-equilibrium condition, in the view of vegetation coverage, mean height, biomass, palatability of plant composition, community for old exclusion has lower than new, comparative exclusion which proves partly that long-term exclusion can not increase grazing values for semi-arid rangeland.

对3种封育措施群落组成和生物多样性的分析结果表明，封育改变了群落的组成成分并增加了生物多样性，同时对群落植物的生活型、饲用价值分析计算结果则显示，老封育的群落植物逐渐向多年生发展，放牧价值开始降低，而对照区则明显处于一种非平衡的稳定状态。从3种措施植被的盖度、高度、生物量和饲用价值来看，老封育区均低于新封育区和对照区，表明长期封育不利于促进并提高草场的放牧利用价值。

The result indicated that: with the change of ecological factors and intensification of human activities,strong stability of grassland community structure of the local alpine meadow type along the highway in this region was found,proportion of medium xerophilous、rhizomous grass increased;alpine grassland community had relatively low stability,grassland community successed naturally to adapt to the new environment;...

结果显示：随着生态因子发生变化和人类活动的加剧，该区公路沿线高寒草甸类草地群落结构表现出了较强的稳定性，中旱生耐旱的根茎型禾草比重有所增加；高寒草原植物群落稳定性相对较差，草地群落为适应新的生境而发生了自然演替；沼泽化草甸亚类草地植物群落中群落伴生种的种类增加，优势种嵩草属植物在群落中的比重有所下降。

We measured the photosynthesis of Roegneria kamoj, Polygonumsphaerostachyum, Koeleria cristata, Kobresia myosuroides, Ligularia sagitata and Anaphalis lacteal under different soil status and investigated the variations ofcommunity composition after fertilizer to find out the mechanism ofαdiversityformation at local community level. At metacommunity level, we compared the effectsof distance and environmental gradient on the community similarity indexes of fourdifferent locations in two hills to seek the mechanism of D diversity formation.

在局域群落中，以高寒草甸植物群落的重要组分种：鹅观草、球花蓼、洽草、嵩草、箭叶橐吾和乳白香青为对象，通过施肥处理后光合能力以及群落结构的变化探讨α多样性的形成机制；在集合群落水平上，通过对比两座相距180 m山坡上4个不同坡向样方间群落相似性与距离和环境梯度的相互关系，探讨β多样性的形成机制。

Agrioph yllum squrrosum and Psammochloa villosa community change Salix Cheilophila Schntid artifactitious vegetation community. No species was disappeared in succession. Between the species diversity and the time sandy barrier was positive correlation.

研究结果表明：随着沙障设置年限的增加，群落的物种数增加；群落类型由沙障设置前的沙米＋沙竹群落发展成沙柳人工植被群落，在演替过程中无物种消失，物种多样性与沙障设置年限基本呈正相关关系。

Between shrub and herb layers ,the difference of each index was not significant The total richness index and Shannon-Wiener index of Phellodendron amurense plantation community were all the highest than those of the other communities.(2) The total richness index of Machilus pingii- Quercus oxyodon evergreen broad-leaved forest community, Alnus cremastogyne-Betula luminifera-Quercus oxyodon evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest community and Rhus potaninii- Juglans sigillata- Quercus oxyodon evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest community all exceeded 31 .These communities , the dominance species in their shrub layers is Fargesia rufa ,such as Betula luminifera-Rhus chinensis-Quercus oxyodon evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest community, Quercus oxyodon-Litsea pungens-Cornus macrophylla evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest community, Cornus macrophylla- Acer caudatum var.

2润楠-曼椆常绿阔叶林、桤木-亮叶桦-曼椆常绿落叶阔叶混交林、青麸杨-野核桃-曼椆常绿落叶阔叶混交林群落的总体丰富度指数均大于31；在灌木层以青川箭竹为主的群落(亮叶桦-盐肤木-曼椆常绿落叶阔叶混交林、曼椆-木姜子-梾木常绿落叶阔叶混交林、梾木-川滇长尾槭-落叶阔叶林、川西樱桃-尾叶樱-川滇长尾槭落叶阔叶林)中，各群落总体丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较小，总体优势度指数较大；8种次生林群落灌木层丰富度指数均高于乔木层，乔-灌层间丰富度指数差异性检验达显著水平；乔-草层间的丰富度指数差异性检验达极显著水平，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数差异达显著水平；灌-草层间的多样性指数和优势度指数差异性检验均达显著水平。

There were only 94 vascular plant species, belonging to 50 family and 75 genera. The dominant species in the communities were deciduous broadleaf species Liquidambar formosana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima, Acer buergerianum, and Celtis sinensis, evergreen broadleaf species Cinnamomum camphora and Elaeocarpus glabripetalus, and Phyllostachys heterocycla. Robinia pseudoacacia+Cinnamomum camphora community had the highest Shannon-Wiener index (1757) and Phyllostachys heterocycla+Acer buergerianum community had the highest Simpson index (0163), but no consistency was observed between the curves of H and D. For vertical structure, most communities had no significant understory stratification.

结果表明：辰山植物区系以泛热带和北温带占优势，具有典型亚热带和温带成分交汇和南北植物分布交错特征；但保育区内种类单一，维管束植物仅有49科69属94种；主要群落是以枫香、刺槐、臭椿、三角枫和朴树等为优势树种的落叶阔叶林，以香樟和秃瓣杜英等为优势树种的常绿阔叶林，以及毛竹林；物种多样性普遍较低，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高为刺槐+香樟群落（1.757），Simpson均匀度指数最高值为毛竹+三角枫群落（0.163）；多样性指数曲线和均匀度指数曲线不具有一致性的变化趋势；多数群落垂直结构中无明显林下分层现象；演替前期的落叶乔木种群后续个体不足。

Castanopsis eyrei, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Lithocarpus harlandii were appraised. The average community biomass of the above 4 species was 120.165, 96.168, 72.73 and 80.416 t/hm^2 respectively.

其中，甜槠群落的平均生物量为120.165 t/hm^2，苦槠群落的为96.168 t/hm^2，青冈群落的为72.73 t/hm^2，绵槠群落的为80.416 t/hm^2。

Shanghai Impregnant Factory located in the Park of World Expo 2010 Shanghai was set up 70 years ago and abandoned for 10 years. The quantities of soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activities, soil chemical properties and their relationships under Cinnamomum camphora community, Metasequoia lyptostroboides community, Nerium indicum community and Cinnamomum camphora+Ligustrum lucidum shrub community in the factory were studied. Results showed that the differences in soil properties were significant in upper soil layer (0~20 cm) and the vertical distribution rules of soil properties were different under four plant communities.

对2010年上海世界博览会规划园区内，已废弃的上海市溶剂厂的绿地低干扰下的香樟群落、水杉群落、夹竹桃群落、香樟和女贞灌丛群落的土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性及土壤化学性质等特性及其关系进行分析。

There was a conclusion that the lawn arthropod was composed of phytophagous sub-community and predator sub-community and parasitic and neutral sub-community, and determining the richness of species. These provided a scientific theory for the control of lawn pests.

通过数据分析，得出草坪节肢动物群落是由植食类亚群落、捕食类亚群落、寄生及中性亚群落组成；对物种丰富度进行分析，为草坪害虫的综合防治提供了科学的理论依据。

Chongming Dongtan wetland plant is composed by mariqueter grass scirpus community,reed communities and Spartina alterniflora communities.The resource of bird is rich,there are records of up to 136 kinds of water birds.

崇明东滩湿地的植被群落主要由海三棱藨草群落、芦苇群落和互花米草群落等组成；鸟类资源丰富，有记录的水鸟达136种；底栖生物大型底栖动物45种，隶属于5门7纲。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。