群落

Furthermore, the boundaries between Halostachys caspica community and Haloxylon ammodendron community and Haloxylon persicum community are clear, but there is no bounder between Haloxylon ammodendron community and Haloxylon persicum community.

另外，盐穗木群落与梭梭、白梭梭群落有明显的分布界线，而梭梭群落与白梭梭群落之间的界线则不明显，存在着一个梭梭群落与白梭梭群落的过渡群落。

The forest was characterized with phanerophyte evergreen plants with single-mesophyll-leathery leaves, which reflected the nature of tropical Karst mountainous seasonal rain forest.(2). Community succession was divided into five stages by using Cluster method, PCA method; the succesion stages include herbaceous stage, scrub-shrub stage, small tree stage, arbor stage and climax seasonal rain forest stage.(3). Based on similarity theory, succession sere was constructed with the community similarity equation formed.

结果表明：(1)森林群落在外貌上，以常绿高位芽、单叶、革质、中型叶植物为主，反映了热带岩溶山地季雨林的特点；(2)运用聚类分析、PCA排序等方法将群落演替阶段划分为草本群落阶段、灌丛阶段、小乔木阶段、乔林阶段、顶极季雨林阶段；(3)运用相似学原理，组建群落间相似度方程并以此方程构建了群落演替系列；(4)研究表明桂西南岩溶区生态系统健康受到严重胁迫。

Persistence of grazing mixed pasture has been a key issue in environment conservation and sustainable utilizing of resources in karst region. Under moderate grazing with Corriedale sheep, the productivity and botanical composition of Trifolium pratense mixtures were studied over a 20-year period in karst region of southwest China. Four mixtures consisted of Trifolium pr...

用考力代绵羊轮牧，在牧前和牧后草地现存量(干物质，DM，drymatter)分别为1800~2500(草层高15~18cm)和900~1200kg·hm-2(草层高3~5cm)的适度放牧利用条件下，对亚热带最常见的豆科牧草红三叶与禾本科牧草的两两混播草地的群落生产力和持久性开展长期研究。20年的结果表明：适度放牧利用下，群落地上总生物量长期稳定，各组合间差异不显著，总盖度20a后仍高达97%以上；适度放牧有利于牧草的生产力持久性，红三叶、鸭茅、多年生黑麦草和黑穗画眉草都在群落中长期存在；群落净产量和持久性是尺度依赖的，群落长期净生产力以红三叶+鸭茅的最高(DM产量353.3g·m-2·a-1)(P.05)，对杂草侵入的抵抗力最强，而前10a红三叶+多年生黑麦草有很高的净生产力DM产量449.8g·m-2·a。。。

Through the study on the soil microorganism, soil enzyme activity in spruce forest, chrysanthemum alp and couch grass in the subalpine forests in western Sichuan, the result shows that the relativity of the soil microbial quantity is very prominent in the soil. The relation with the quantity of the soil microorganism is microphyte 〉 actinomycete 〉 fungi.

：通过研究川西亚高山云杉林、绣线菊一茅草群落、高山柳群落和茅草群落等林地的土壤微生物数量和酶活性的变化，结果表明：云杉针叶林群落中的土壤微生物数量最多，绣线菊茅草灌丛群落次之，茅草群落最少。

It is the key period for the steppe community to dewfall from the last ten days in July to the last ten days in August, and the community's dew-fall rate often reach biggest around mid-August; Dew amount in community out of resumed community sample plot requires steam resource for first; Dew amount in resumed community sample plot requires low temperature for first; While dew amount in new resumed

退外群落、恢复群落和退新群落在特定露日的凝露量差异没有固定的规律；在2005年的生长季(7月中旬到9月上旬)里退外群落、恢复群落和退新群落的露水总量分别为12.00mm、12.72mm和11.14mm，分别占2005年该地区年降雨量的9.9％、10.5％和9.5％。

The 10 a plot had the highest community average height, abundance, and above ground biomass, but the community average increased with enclosure time and the 25 a plot had the highest community average coverage. Enclosure for 10 a gave the highest species diversity index in the third plots, while 15 a had the highest' richness index and lowest evenness index. The highest evenness index was in the non-enclosure plot. Exclosure appears to maintain or conserve, rather than increase plant diversity in contrast to non-enclosure.

结果表明，围封10年样地群落的高度、多度以及地上生物量最大，而群落的盖度则随封育年限的增加呈显著增加趋势，在封育25年达到最大；围栏封育的不同年限也显著影响了群落的物种多样性，在围封10年样地群落具有最高的多样性指数，围封15年样地具有最高的丰富度指数，而均匀度指数则是在未封育群落中表现为最高值，最低值是在物种丰富度最高时出现。

Pubescens community and mixed plant species belonged to 56 families, 85 genera, 122 species. The layers of arbors, shrubs, liane, and herbages could be distinguished clearly. The community of Jiulian Mountain Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province had the highest diversity indices of tree layer in four T. ciliata var. pubescens forest communities, the least was community in Changgang, Longquan of Zhejiang Province. The community of Changgang had the highest index evenness, the least was in Jiulong Mountain of Zhejiang Province. The importance value of T. ciliata var.

研究结果表明：毛红椿天然林群落的物种多样性丰富，与毛红椿混生的植物种类有56科85属122种，而且层次性较强，分为乔木层、灌木层、藤本层和草本层4层。4个毛红椿天然林群落乔木层中，江西九连山群落Simpson多样性指数最高，浙江龙泉昌岗毛红椿群落为最低；浙江龙泉昌岗群落的均匀度指数最高，浙江九龙山群落为最低。

Species richness and Pielou evenness index were used to measure species diversity. Species richness in polluted area was 32-67, while in control area it was 47-82. Pielou evenness index of tree layer was 0.1161-0.8509, while those of shrub layer and herb layer were 0.1763-0.3249 and 0.0443-0.2601, respectively. The results showed that both species richness and Pielou evenness index were influenced by the point source pollution. Species importance values showed significant differences between polluted area and control area. Dominance of different species had changed, and some species even disappeared under the pressure of pollution, indicating a process of species replacement in plant communities. Such species replacement can provide a scientific basis for species selection for restoration of human-damaged ecosystem. The natural regeneration of Quercus variabilis was insensitive to pollution, while Cupressus funebris was effected seriously.

仅在污染区中出现的物种数量远低于仅在对照区中出现的物种数量；(2)可分出4种基本的群落类型：马尾松林、柏木林、栓皮栎林和马尾松＋栓皮栎林，各群落特定层次的物种丰富度指数以及Pielou均匀度指数在污染区与对照区之间存在显著差异；(3)污染胁迫下，物种在群落中的生态优势度发生了变化，反映了群落中不同物种相互替代的过程，这种物种的替代可为今后受损生态系统人为恢复过程中物种的筛选提供一定的理论参考；(4)对群落中王要物种更新的调查发现：栓皮栎林对污染不敏感；柏木林污染区与对照区幼苗数量及分布格局均有明显差异，污染条件下群落未来演替受到严重干扰。

The results showed:①the communities that stipa baicalensis is edificator had the highest species diversity, and the idea that stipa baicalensis communities were the local zone vegetation was supported;②the majority of studied communities were unsaturated in the species diversity, and the species diversity had a tendency to increate with the improvement of soil environment;③the relation of species diversity to community productivity was a one-humped function, that is, the species diversity of mediation productivity was highest;④the species diversity under intermediate disturbance was highest, and the intermediate disturbance hypothesis was supported;⑤the content of potassium in soil had probably an important function, or was an important following factor in the types of grassland community;⑥a new hypothesis on the forming mechanism of species diversity of community, Small Scale Competition and Random-Patch Dynamic Hypothesis, was put forward boldly.

通过上述研究分析得出如下结果：①以贝加尔针茅为建群种的群落物种多样性最高，从物种多样性角度证明该群落类型最适应本区气候和环境条件，应是本区的地带性群落；②绝大多数群落的物种多样性处于未饱和状态，随土壤环境的改善呈明显的增加趋势；③物种多样性与群落生产力呈单峰函数关系，即在中等生产力水平时物种多样性最高；④放牧中等干扰水平物种多样性最高，支持Connell的中度干扰学说；⑤偶然发现土壤钾含量可能在草地植被类型分化中起到重要作用，至少是一个重要的伴随因子；⑥大胆提出了群落物种多样性构成机制的新学说即小尺度竞争随机斑块动态学说。

The results showed that the phytophagous insects in the spruce forest in Qilian Mountains exhibited obvious vertival stratification structure. According to the amounty of species of each structure, it could be divided into 6 insect communities, namely the insects community of the shrub and herbage (928 species), of the soil and root (780 species), of the tender end and needle (117 species), of the stem phloem and xylem (66 species), of the branch thin end twig shin (38 species), of the blossom and seed and fruit (14 species).

结果表明祁连山区青海云杉林中植食性昆虫具有明显的垂直分层结构，根据林分的垂直结构和昆虫寄生、取食树木组织部位可划分为6个群落，其种类由多到少依次为灌木和草本层昆虫群落（928种），土壤与根部昆虫群落（约780种），嫩梢与针叶昆虫群落（117种），树干韧皮部与木质部昆虫群落（66种）、枝梢与嫩皮昆虫群落（38种）、花与种实昆虫群落（14种）。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。