羟醛

The effects of temperature, organic acids and residence time on the yields of 5-hydromethylfurfural (5-HMF) and levulinic acid were investigated.

对不同温度、有机酸和反应停留时间对果糖分解的主要产物——5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)和乙酰丙酸收率的影响进行了考察。

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of 5-HMF contents in Ligustrum lucidum Ait before and after processing.

目的研究女贞子炮制前后5-羟甲基糠醛（5-hydroxymethyl furfural，5-HMF）的含量变化。

Based on relative literatures,this part has included five resesearch aspects as below.1 Fifteen compounds were isolated and purified by extraction,column chromatography,and their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis: acteoside(Ⅰ-1),isoacteoside(Ⅰ-2),crenatoside(Ⅰ-3),cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4),sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5),adenosine(Ⅰ-6),β-siterol(Ⅰ-7),oleanic acid(Ⅰ-8), succinic acid(Ⅰ-9),caffeic acid(Ⅰ-10),protocatechuic aldehyde(Ⅰ-11),p-hydro xybenzyl alcohol(Ⅰ-12),β-daucosterol(Ⅰ-13),D-galacitol(Ⅰ-14),D-mannitol(Ⅰ-15).Ⅰ-4～15 were obtained from this plant for the first time,andⅠ-6,7,9,and 13 were isolated from Orobanche genus for the first time.2 The scavenging test of DPPH showed that most compounds have comparative antioxidant activity as L-ascorbic acid and part of them show better activity such as the O.coerulescens extract and phenylethanoid glycosides.Acteoside showed potent free radical scavenging effects with a median inhibition concentration of 25.6μg/ml.3 The anti-HBV activities of acteoside,isoacteoside and crenatoside were measured,and all of them showed suppressive activity on the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the HepG2.2.15 cell line.

本论文在文献调研基础上对紫花列当化学成分及生物活性进行了研究，并从免疫抗病毒角度探讨紫花列当中特征性成分类叶升麻苷的肝保护作用及其机制。1采用大孔树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术对紫花列当进行系统的植物化学研究，从中分离得到19个化合物，利用UV和NMR等波谱手段及理化性质鉴定了其中的15个化合物，分别为类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-1)、异类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-2)、crenatoside(Ⅰ-3)、cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4)、sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5)、腺苷(Ⅰ-6)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ-7)、齐墩果酸(Ⅰ-8)、琥珀酸(Ⅰ-9)、咖啡酸(Ⅰ-10)、原儿茶醛(Ⅰ-11)、对羟甲基苯甲酸(Ⅰ-12)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ-13)、D-半乳糖醇(Ⅰ-14)和甘露醇(Ⅰ-15除化合物Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3外，其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。2)通过大孔树脂富集该药材有效部位苯乙醇总苷，并采用HPLC测得其所含特征性成分类叶升麻苷的含量可达80%以上。3DPPH自由基清除试验显示紫花列当提取物及其所含的苯乙醇苷类化合物均具有较好的抗氧化能力，其清除DPPH自由基能力接近于抗坏血酸。4采用卡介苗整体致敏、脂多糖离体攻击构建大鼠原代肝细胞免疫性损伤模型，在体外观察类叶升麻苷的保肝作用。

Results: Nine compounds were obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction of C. speciosa and were identified as methyl chlorogenate, 5-O-cafeoyl quinic acid butyl ester, quinic acid butyl ester, 5-hydroxymethyl-furan-2-carbaldehyde, triacontanoic acid,-epicatichin, 7,8-dihydroxy-coumanrin, protocatechuic acid ethyl ester, and protocatechuic acid.

结果：从皱皮木瓜的乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离鉴定了9种化合物，分别为绿原酸甲酯，5-O-咖啡酰基－奎宁酸丁酯，奎宁酸丁酯，5-羟甲基－2-糠醛，三十烷酸，-表儿茶素，7，8-二羟基香豆素，3，4-二羟基苯甲酸乙酯，原儿茶酸。

N-(2-hydroxyethyl) salicylaldimine is coordinated in tridentate coordination mode. The coordinated atom of the ligand includes oxygen of hydroxybenzene, oxygen atom of hydroxyethyl, and nitrogen atom of imine.

配体N-（2-羟乙基）水杨醛亚胺以三齿方式配位，其配位原子包括酚羟基氧原子，醇羟基氧原子和亚胺基氮原子。

At 4,8,12 weeks after operation,the articular cartilages of tibial plateau were taken and the contents of uronic acidand hydroxyprolineand the water ratioin the cartilage were determined.

术后 4、 8、 1 2周取胫骨平台软骨做糖醛酸、羟脯氨酸含量及含水率的测定。

The effect were validated by different yeasts、different malts、10L fermentation equipment .

同时采用气相色谱和液相色谱对甲醛、乙醛、5-羟甲基糠醛含量进行分析，并以不同种酵母、不同种麦芽糖化，10L 发酵罐的小试实验对调节剂效果进行验证。

The analysis results of the reducing sugar and HMF content in bread crumb with different storage time showed that the browning of bread crumb was caused by Maillard reaction.

通过对不同贮存时间面包瓤中还原糖含量和羟甲基糠醛含量的测定，表明面包褐变主要是由美拉德反应引起。

The production of by-products caused the productivity of levulinic acid lower than theoretical one. Based on the study of the degradation of glucose and the formation of 5-hydromethylfurfural and levulinic acid, a kinetic model was proposed, in which, the process was described by a series first-order reactions with parallel by-reaction.

在葡萄糖降解的初始阶段还存在着异构化和可逆反应，降解过程中形成了羟甲基糠醛、腐殖质、乙酰丙酸、甲酸和其它中间产物。

Replating of cells from primary LTC with different feeders into secondary LTC-IC assays containing the best combination of engineered feeders showed that LTC-IC maintenance could be significantly enhanced (up to 7-fold as compared with primary cocultures containing HMF).

Replating细胞从小学中校不同馈线到中学中校集成电路检测含有最佳结合工程馈线表明，长期培养集成电路维修可以大大提高（最高可达7倍相对于小学cocultures含有羟甲基糠醛）。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。