羟基酸

The Lewis acid sites M〓 on the surface of catalysts can chemisorb continuously gaseous molecule oxygen and transform it into lattice oxygen of the catalysts.

在反应过程中，有表面羟基形成，羟基相互作用形成H〓O，催化剂表面Lewis酸位M〓吸附气相中分子氧，并将其转化为晶格氧，使催化剂表面复原。

In the second part of the thesis, we discussed a L-proline-catalyzed direct Aldol reaction between L-amino acid-derived N,N-dibenzyl -amino aldehydes 15 and acetone, cyclopentanone or hydroxyacetone, which afforded (-amino--hydroxy- or (-amino-,(-dihydroxy-ketones in good to excellent yields (up to 94%) and diastereoseletivities (up to 94.9%).

发现许多情况下，反应的产率和de值超过90%。接着，在碱性条件下，我们将L-亮氨酸衍生的N，N-二苄基--氨基醛15g与羟基丙酮反应得到的主要产物(，-二羟基-γ-氨基酮171d与次溴酸钠反应，得到了具有抗肿瘤活性的天然产物PM-94128的氨基酸片断184。

A high proportion of 1,3- dihydroxy units were also formed in the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of poly, however, hydrolysis of GIE generated only a 2,3-dihydroxy product.

有很大比例的1，3 -二羟基单位也形成酸催化水解聚，然而，旅游局水解生成只有2，3 -二羟基产品。

The new synthetic technology of some important anthraquinone intermediates derived from 1-amino- anthraquinone, l-amino-4-hydroxy-anthraquinone, l-amino-4-bromo- anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid, 1,5- and 1,8 dinitro- anthraquinone, have been studied.

本文研究了几种重要的由1-氨基蒽醌衍生的蒽醌型中间体：1-氨基-4-羟基蒽醌、1-氨基-4-溴蒽醌-2-磺酸和1，5-及1，8-二硝基蒽醌的合成化学，在此基础上开发了上述中间体的合成新技术。现行1-氨基-4-羟基蒽醌的生产技术是从1-氨基蒽醌出发，经二溴化再水解制得，溴的耗量在1.5mol以上。

This paperindicated that it was good for condensation reaction when benzene-ring bearingelectron-attaching groups. It also showed that and the 6-hydroxyl group could bereacted with acyl halide, haloid ether and halo alkene, but not with halo alkane. It wasnot only the first time to find that the reaction product of D-mannitol and aromaticaldehyde is tri-condensation derivatives, but also the first time to obtain thep-phthaldehyde-sorbitol derivatives containing eight hydroxyl groups.

研究发现：苯环上有吸电子基团时对缩合反应有利；多元醇缩醛衍生物6-羟基除与酰氯反应外，也能和卤代酸酯、溴代烯反应，但不与卤代烷反应；首次发现D-甘露醇与醛反应主要得到三缩合物；首次合成了含有8个羟基的对苯二甲醛和山梨醇的缩合物。

According to the distribution of the positive charges inthe surface of the cage, it can be expected that two -OH groups finally adding at two sites which arewithin one hexacyclic ring and in different sides of equator, which is accord with the conclusion resultedfrom thermodynamics

通过寻找并分析过度态的结构，发现酸化阳离子中处于赤道带6-6类碳原子上的羟基和两极区域5-5类碳原子上的羟基都有朝邻近赤道带碳原子上迁移的可能，结合碳笼上正电荷的分布特征，预计亲核水解作用将发生在赤道异侧六员环的对位，说明考虑动力学因素，最终获得1，4-加成富勒醇的可能性最大，该结论与热力学的结果一致。

Serotonin (5-HT), its precursors tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), major metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA); and 3-methoxy-4- hydroxyphenylethylene glycol , homovanillic acid , the respective major metabolites of noradrenaline and dopamine were measured by a method of HPLC.

应用高效液相色谱法测定其中5—羟色胺（5-HT）系列代谢物：色氨酸、5-羟色胺酸（5-HTP）、5-HT、5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）；多巴胺的主要代谢产物3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙酸；去甲肾上腺素的主要代谢产物3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙二醇等。

Those biodegradable materials finally form into CO2 and H2O via culture of tricarboxylic acid cycle, which can be excreted from lung, kidney, and skin. Hydroxyacetic acid is a metabolic product of amino acids. Therefore, velocity of bioldegradable materials can be controlled in vivo. The recent contraception focuses on discover a sustained release system of biodegradable materials.

生物可降解材料包括聚乳酸、聚ε-己内酯、乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物等，这些材料有很好的生物相容性，植入体内后可经生物降解成乳酸单体，经三羧酸循环后最终成为CO2和H2O，经肺、肾、皮肤排泄，羟基乙酸也是机体氨基酸代谢产物，而且生物可将解材料在体内降解速度是可控的，用生物降解聚合物作为药物载体的缓释避孕系统是目前材料学以及避孕节育研究的一大重点。

The measurement of nicotine and its major metabolites cotinine and trans-3 -hydroxicotinine together with other minor metabolites (e.g., cotinine N-oxide, cotinine, and trans-3 -hydroxicotinine glucuronides) in conventional and nonconventional biological matrices has been used as a biomarker to assess the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during childhood.

常规和非常规性生物基质内尼古丁、尼古丁主要代谢产物可替宁和反式-3-羟基可替宁及其他代谢产物（可替宁N-氧化物，可替宁和反式-3 –羟基可替宁葡萄糖苷酸）的检测可作为评价儿童期环境烟草烟雾暴露的一个生物标志物。

Novel rod like phenylene thiophene based polyhydroxy amphiphiles, derivatives of gallic acid combining three hydrophilic 2,3-dihydroxypropyloxy groups and one alkyl chain via central aromatic linking units, have been synthesized by using Ni, Pd(0) catalyzed coupling reaction as key steps.

以Ni， Pd (0)催化的C-C偶合反应为关键步骤合成了基于苯联噻吩的棒状型多羟基两亲性分子，它们是以棒状芳香核为中心部分，一端带三重亲水的2，3-二羟基链，另一端为带一条烷基链的没食子酸衍生物。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。