羟基化反应

The target compound 1 was successfully prepared via esterification, reduction, bromization and cyanation processes by using L--malic acid (2), which is an inexpensive and easily available starting material. The overall yield was 56.7%.

以廉价、易得的L--苹果酸为起始原料，经酯化、还原、溴代和氰化四步反应得到目标化合物-4-氰基-3-羟基丁酸乙酯，合成总收率为56.7%。

According to the result, we believed that the reason resulted in the low sensitivity was that the marker residue compound MQCA structure has changed after conjugated with protein and the antibody induced by the conjugation could not recognize the free MQCA in the ci-ELISA. Therefore we designed some hapten which could reserve the marker residue structural speciality mostly. After synthesis route selection and optimum, the hapten 7-Hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid was synthesized, used 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline as the start material via six steps, such as oxidation cyclization, bromize reaction, hydrolysis, Beirut reaction, reduction, hydrolysis. This work established basis for producing the high affinity antibody and developing the sensitive ELISA residue detection method.

本论文认为导致ELISA检测灵敏度较低的原因，是残留标示物和蛋白偶联后的特征结构发生改变，诱导产生的抗体不能够对游离MQCA很好的识别，因此，本论文设计了能够最大化保留MQCA结构特征的系列半抗原结构，并对其合成路线进行了筛选和优化，最终以对甲基邻硝基苯胺为起始原料，经氧化环化、溴代、水解、Beirut缩合、还原、水解六步反应制备含羟甲基结构的MQCA衍生物7-羟基甲基-3-甲基-喹噁啉-2-羧酸，为制备对游离残留标示物高亲和力的抗体，高灵敏度的ELISA残留检测方法的建立奠定基础。

Based on the problem of various types of catalyst and according to the features of carbonylation catalysts reactions, our team has been designed a series of new metal complexes of benimidazoles, which can be used for carbonylation catalyst of industry. Seven new benzimidazole derivatives were prepared by the o-phenylenediamine、oxalic acid、glycolic acid、monomethyl monopotassium malonate、ethyl cyanoacetate、succinic anhydride. The structures of them were confirmed by IR、Elemental analsis. The crystal structures of d and e were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction of Germanic Bruker Smart APEX II CCD. The catalysis of them was tested by carbonylation reactions.

本文设计以邻苯二胺和草酸、羟基乙酸、丙二酸单甲酯、氰基乙酸乙酯、丁二酸单甲酯为原料采用PPA催化和无机酸催化法，合成了4种苯并咪唑-2-羧酸衍生物并进行了表征；培养了2个化合物d、e的晶体并测定和讨论了晶体结构；制备了3种未见报道的苯并咪唑金属配合物，对配合物在羰基化法制醋酐-醋酸反应的催化作用进行了初步试验。

A method for the micro determination of germanium by flow injection－spectrophotometry with CCD diode array detector is reported, based on the color reaction between germanium and salicyl fluorone in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. A good linear relationship was obtained in the range of 0～3.0 mg/L for germanium.

研究了在溴化十六烷基三甲铵存在下，锗与2，3，7－三羟基－9－水杨基荧光酮－6的显色反应，采用二极管阵列检测器，建立了检测微量锗的流动注射分光光度法。

The chlorin e6 7 and chiorin 11 were oxidized further with osmium oxide in the same oxidization condition to yield bateriochlorin 8 and 12, respectively.

卟吩醛2在碱性条件下转化为卟吩e6三甲酯7，2与烷基溴化镁的格氏反应给出脱镁叶绿酸醇9，选择高钌酸四丙基铵和N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物将3-位羟基氧化成羰基，所生成的卟吩二酮10在酸性条件下脱去甲酸甲酯生成焦脱镁叶绿酸衍生物11，用四氧化锇对7和11实施氧化，则分别转化为细菌卟吩衍生物8和12。

To dye the different types of fibers by the same dye, universal dyes based on naphthalene ring system are prepared by the diazo coupling reaction of 7-acetamide-4-hydroxy-2-oaphtialene-β-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)solfonamide and m-aminobenzene-β-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfunate.

为了实现用同一支染料对不同类型的纤维进行染色的目的，通过间氨基苯基－β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯与7-乙酰氨基－4-羟基－2-萘－β磺酰胺的重氮化偶合反应合成了含萘环的通用染料，其结构通过质谱分析进行了表征。

Part III: Catalytic hydrogenation ofα,β-epoxyketones toβ-hydroxyketones with two sulfinyl analogues of coenzyme NADH models.

第三部分：亚砜类辅酶NAD~+模型物催化氢化α，β-环氧酮生成β-羟基酮的反应。

METHOD:Venlafaxine was synthesized by steps of etherification,acid chloridization,amidation,Grignard reaction,reduction,salifying from 4-hydrophenylacetic acid.

该化合物以对羟基苯乙酸为原料，经醚华、酰氯华、酰胺化格氏反应、还原、成盐等步骤制备而成。

Treatment of pterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-pteridine) derivatives with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal [1,(CH 3) 2NCH(OCH 3) 2] usually gave corresponding N 2-(N,N-dimethylaminomethylene)- pterin derivatives in polar solvents.

用N ，N 二甲基甲酰胺缩二甲醇 [(CH3 ) 2 NCH(OCH3 ) 2 ，1]和蝶呤(2 氨基 4 羟基蝶啶)衍生物在极性有机溶剂中反应一般得到脒化产物：N2 (N ，N 二甲基氨基亚甲基)-蝶呤衍生物。

In this report, half-esterification between these pendent hydroxyl groups of hydroxyl-PU and maleic anhydride could lead to new pendent groups, carboxylic groups. These highly polar carboxylic groups in the side chain of PU could play the role of internal emulsifier. They had self-dissociation ability in the water or were neutralized first by appropriate amount of base. Then, PU bearing carboxylic group could dispersed steadily in the water, named aqueous-based polyurethane dispersion.

在本论文中，利用原来亲油性Hydroxyl PU主链段上悬挂的羟基经由与琥珀酸酐的半酯化(Half-esterification Reaction)反应后，使PU在侧链上悬挂具有强极性的羧酸基，其可作为聚胺酯分子中的内乳化剂，羧酸基能在水相中自身解离产生离子或加入适量碱使之中合，使聚氨酯高分子能够稳定分散於水中，即所谓水性PU分散液(Aqueous-based Polyurethane Dispersion)。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。