羟基化作用

Low pH caused the amidogen of microorganism in the activated sludge protonized and high pH caused make the hydroxyl salinized, and increased the hydrolyzation of microorganism which would have side effect on the denatured effect.

过低的pH值会导致活性污泥中微生物氨基质子化；过高pH值会使之羟基盐化，而且过高或者过低的pH值还会增强微生物的水解作用，这样影响活性污泥的改性效果。

The results indicate that improving temperature to reflux, using low polarity solvent as dispersion medium and proper molar ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to stearic acid can bring out good modification. The function of tetrabutyl titanate is to react with the surface hydroxyl groups and adsorbed H2O on the powder particles to produce new binding sites such as M—O—Ti—OC4H9and M—O—Ti—OH, which can easily react with the carboxylic acid. As temperature increases from room temperature to reflux temperature, the reactions between RCOO- and Ti change from coordinate bonds to covalent bonds, which makes the carbon chains of stearic acids more strongly bound with the powder particles surface.

研究结果表明，提高处理温度、适当增加复合改性剂中硬脂酸的量并选用极性弱的有机溶剂可达到比较理想的改性效果；钛酸四丁酯的作用是与粉体粒子表面的羟基以及吸附水反应产生偶联点，如M—O—Ti—OH，这些偶联点易于与羧酸反应；在低温时RCOO-与偶联点的Ti之间以配合物的形式发生作用，在回流温度下处理时，主要发生酯化反应，使硬脂酸更牢固地嫁接到粉体粒子表面，改性效果更好。

Phosphate porous starch and PVA were cross linked by methenamine and boric acid Crystal area was serious destroyed by esterification and cross linked. 6 Biodegradation experiment was carried out with soil-burying method.

5红外光谱和X-射线衍射的结构分析表明：在改性淀粉的羟基上引入了磷酰基团，并未破坏原淀粉的基本化学结构；交联剂在改性淀粉和PVA之间形成了C-O-C化学交联键；酯化和交联反应均有较强的淀粉晶区破坏作用。

In this dissertation, I will represent my studies on the nitration of Chalcone derivatives, reaction of epoxide ketone, and the aromatization of 3,5-disubstitued 2-isoxazolines with nitric oxide.

本文主要研究了：(1)NO与查尔酮及其衍生物的硝化反应，反应以较高的产率得到了a-硝基化合物；(2)NO对环氧酮的开环反应，反应生成了顺式羟基硝酸酯；(3)3，5-二取代的-2-异恶唑啉在NO作用下可以发生芳环化反应，生成了对应的2-异恶唑化合物。

Based on the problem of various types of catalyst and according to the features of carbonylation catalysts reactions, our team has been designed a series of new metal complexes of benimidazoles, which can be used for carbonylation catalyst of industry. Seven new benzimidazole derivatives were prepared by the o-phenylenediamine、oxalic acid、glycolic acid、monomethyl monopotassium malonate、ethyl cyanoacetate、succinic anhydride. The structures of them were confirmed by IR、Elemental analsis. The crystal structures of d and e were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction of Germanic Bruker Smart APEX II CCD. The catalysis of them was tested by carbonylation reactions.

本文设计以邻苯二胺和草酸、羟基乙酸、丙二酸单甲酯、氰基乙酸乙酯、丁二酸单甲酯为原料采用PPA催化和无机酸催化法，合成了4种苯并咪唑-2-羧酸衍生物并进行了表征；培养了2个化合物d、e的晶体并测定和讨论了晶体结构；制备了3种未见报道的苯并咪唑金属配合物，对配合物在羰基化法制醋酐-醋酸反应的催化作用进行了初步试验。

OH radicals produced by ultrasound in aqueous solution attack phenolic cycle at adjacent or para position of the hydroxyl on phenol so that phenol is changed into small organic molecules such as muconic acid, maleic acid and ethane diacid. These small organic molecules will be oxidized to form carbon dioxide and water by.

苯酚超声降解的作用机理是，超声空化在水溶液中产生的·OH自由基进攻苯酚苯环上羟基的邻位或对位而使苯环断裂生成己二烯酸、顺式丁烯二酸和乙二酸小分子有机物而使苯酚得以降解，这些小分子有机物在·OH自由基的进一步作用下最终被氧化成CO〓和H〓O。

In the presence of O〓, peroxyl radicals formed under neutral condition are either directly oxidized to non-aromatic acids, or forms aromatic intermediates, which are further oxidized to non-aromatic acids; peroxyl radicals formed under alkaline conditions are directly oxidized to non-aromatic acids.

有氧状态下的羟基自由基氧化体系中，过氧自由基在氧气的催化作用下既可开环形成有机酸，也可形成4-氯邻苯二酚和对苯二酚，进而氧化开环成有机酸，并最终矿化；碱性条件下的过氧自由基则直接开环降解。

Synthesis of the phenylhydrazone, oxime and semicarbazonederivatives of calix[4]arenesThe reaction of p-formylcalix[4]arenes with phenyl hydrazine,hydroxylamine hydrochloride or semicarbazide hydrochloride afforded thephenylhydrazone, oxime or semicarbazone derivatives of calix[4]arenes,respectively.

酯型杯[4]冠醚的全醚化及性能研究利用氢化钠作为碱，对酯型杯[4]冠醚剩余酚羟基进行烷基化，合成中性杯芳烃酯型冠醚，初步研究了其对金属离子、有机阳离子和中性分子的识别情况，发现其对这些底物缺乏有效作用能力。

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose which possesses weak polarity groups, like polyhydroxy groups and ether groups, will transform to hydrogel when temperature increases.

纤维素衍生物羟丙基甲基纤维素分子中含有大量的羟基和醚键，其水溶液在升温情况下可以发生凝胶转变，是一种新型的有机模板，本文对其作用下特别是凝胶状态下的矿化进行了探讨。

Enynes with an aryl ring at the alkyne give 2,3,9,9a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopentanaphthalenes by a 5-exo-dig cyclization followed by a Friedel-Crafts-type ring expansion.

带有芳环的1，6-二烯体和炔作用，并通过5-exo-dig路径环化，再紧接着Friedel-Crafts扩环，可以得到2，3，9，9a-四羟基-1H-环戊二烯并萘。6-endo-dig途径的环化在一些例子中作为副反应被观察到，尽管，这在一些具体的反应中，是作为主反应出现的。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。