羟基化

METHODS 3-methoxy-7α-methylestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17β-ol was reducted with lithium and ammonia,then the intermediate was hydrolyzed in oxalic acid and reacted with malonic acid to get 3,3-dimethoxo-7α-methylestra-5(10)-en-17-ol(compound 4),which was oxidated by pyridium bichromate ,reacted with acetylene,and hydrolyzed in oxalic acid again to get the product tibolone.

方法以3-甲氧基-7α-甲基雌甾-1，3，5(10)-三烯-17β-羟基为起始原料经锂胺还原、草酸水解、缩酮化得3，3-二甲氧基-7α-甲基雌甾-5(10)-烯-17β-羟基(化合物4)，然后用温和的氧化剂重铬酸吡啶盐氧化、炔化、再水解得目的产物。

Constituting dicycle; 2. region selectively reducing six-membered ring ketocarbonyl radical; 3. introducing 7alpha-hydroxy group; 4. Aldol reaction to introduce side chain and obtain 8alpha-hydroxy group; 5. oxidizing the position 7 hydroxy group into ketone; 6. turning the configuration of the position 7 hydroxy group; 7. glycosidating the position 7 hydroxy group; and 8. eliminating protecting group to obtain the target compound.

该方法包括如下步骤：(1)双环的构建；(2)区域选择性还原六元环酮羰基；(3)7α-羟基的引入；(4)Aldol反应引入侧链，同时得到8α-羟基；(5)7位羟基氧化为酮；(6)7位羟基构型的翻转；(7)7位羟基的糖苷化；(8)脱除保护基得到目标化合物。

The surface hydroxyl group onto magnetic polyvinyl acetate nanoparticles can be obtained by saponification reaction on their surface.

结果表明，磁性聚苯乙烯颗粒与丁二酸酐发生Freidel-Crafts酰基化反应，可以在颗粒表面引入少量羧基；磁性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒分别与乙二醇、二缩三乙二醇、聚乙二醇等发生醇-酯交换反应，可以在颗粒表面接枝不同分子链长度的末端羟基；磁性聚醋酸乙烯酯颗粒经过醇解或皂化反应可以获得表面羟基；磁性聚丙烯酸甲酯颗粒通过乙二胺或1，6己二胺的胺解反应可以得到表面氨基，继而与一氯乙酸反应可以引入亚胺二乙酸基团。

METHODS: Based on the antitumor activity and structural feature of 8-chloroadenosine and retinoic acid, modifications were made at positions 5′ and 8,substituted cinnamoyl and benzoyl groups were bound at 8 position through amido and ester bonds, sulfonation and nitrosation at 5′-OH and its direct chlorination were conducted.

对腺苷的8位和8-Cl-腺苷的糖环羟基进行了结构改造，以酰胺键和酯键在腺苷的8位连接了具共轭基团的肉桂酰基和苯甲酰基，得到腺苷的维甲类似物；对8-Cl-腺苷的5′-羟基进行了甲磺酰化，硝基化以及氯代反应，得到了它的衍生物。

A series of sulfonated poly(arylene thioether/ether phosphine oxide)s was prepared by direct polycondensation of sBFPPO and BFPPO with the diphenol-type or dimercapto-type monomers such as hydroquinone, bisphenol-A, 4,4'-biphenol, 4,4'-diphenol (6F), 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl, and 4,4'-thiobisbenzenethiol, respectively.

将BFPPO与sBFPPO分别与多种二羟基或二巯基单体，如对苯二酚、双酚A、4，4'-二苯酚、双酚F、1，5'-二羟基萘、4， 4'-二羟基二苯硫醚和4，4'-二巯基二苯硫醚，直接共聚制备了一系列磺化聚芳醚三苯基氧膦，侧重考察了二羟基和二巯基单体结构单元对产物的耐氧化性能的影响。

Xinquan HuTwo new chiral backbones R-- and S--2-amino-2"-hydroxy-4,4",6,6"-tetra methyl-1,1"-biphenyl were synthesized via nitration, diazotation/iodination, Ulhnann coupling, selective reduction, diazotation/hydrolysis, hydrogenation and resolution from 2,4-dimethyl-aniline in seven steps.

以2，4-二甲基苯胺为起始原料，经过硝化反应、重氮化碘代反应、Ullmann缩合反应、选择性双硝基单还原反应、重氮化水解反应、催化氢化反应和拆分，首次合成了--2-氨基-2'-羟基-4，4'，6，6'-四甲基-1，1'-联苯和--2-氨基-2'-羟基-4，4'，6，6'-四甲基-1，1'-联苯两个对映体。

As our studies showed, silylation of mesoporous molecular sieves with alkoxysilane was an usual method of linking desired organical groups. However, as a result, the a lot of silanol groups still existed on the surface of mosoporous molecular sieves after silylation, which maybe affect the interface property and its catalystic activity. Based on this consideration, a novel method was proposed that a mixture of trichlorosilanes was used to silylate mesoporous molecular sieves, introducing both the further reactive group and hyhrophobic methyl group in one pot.

正如研究表明，通过硅氧烷与介孔分子筛表面的硅羟基反应是常见的键连有机基团的方法，但表面仍会剩余较多的硅羟基，硅羟基的存在会严重影响到介孔分子筛表面性质及催化活性，为此笔者提出采用混合的三氯化硅烷一步硅烷化介孔分子筛，在孔道内同时引入可进一步功能化的氯丙基或氯苄基和疏水性的甲基。

Two series of polyurethane acrylate grafted acrylic resins (Acr-g-TPU-PETA and Acr-gPPU-PETA) self-emulsifying systems are obtained by grafting -NCO group modified polyurethane acrylates with acrylic copolymer prepared from n-butyl acrylate, styrene,βhydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid The self-emulsifying systems showed Newtonian fluidity with viscosity closed to that of water, the solid contents were around 30% The T〓 of 15～4℃ for dried film before photocuring favored film formation at room temperature DSC and DMA results showed that PU-PETA is compatible with acrylic resin in the grafted resin The TG and dTG curves for Acr-g-PU-PETA samples were substantially different from the corresponding blends, and the brodened dTG peaks for photocured grafted resin suggest that there might be multiple interactions among chain segments The photocued film of the grafted resins self-emulsifying system exhibited good overall properties with polyurethane acrylate grafts ranging from 30% to 50%, and Acr-g-TPU-PETA series showed better properties than Acr-gPPU-PETA series The adhesion of the photocured film was 1～2 grade, impact strength was 50kg-cm and flexibility was 1mm The Shore hardness and the adhesion of the film decreased markedly if PETA was replaced by HEMA as photoactive group due to the lower C=C double bond content in the grafted resin The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthones photoinitiators can be evenly dispersed in self-emulsifying system without color spot appearing in the dried film The films photocured with IV〓～IV〓 generally exhibited higher Shore hardness, gloss and solventresistance than that cured with Irgacure 2959 and did not induce the rusting of the iron substrate Pigmenting with titanium oxide had no effect on the photocuring The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthone IV〓 and IV〓 can be new candidates for the formulation of titanium oxide pigmented photocurable water-borne coatings for their pale-yellow appearance and slight interference with the color of the coatings WB 4759 with high water-solubility coalesced and separated from the dried resin film, and even induced the rusting of iron substrate.

以丙烯酸丁酯，甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯，丙烯酸及苯乙烯合成厂丙烯酸共聚树脂，并与含-NCO端基的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯接枝反应，经水性化后，得到两个系列（Acr-g-TPU-PETA和Acr-g-PPU-PETA）各5个不同配比的丙烯酸树脂接枝聚氨酯丙烯酸酯自乳化体系，粘度与水相近，为牛顿流体，固含量30％左右。光固化前干燥涂膜的玻璃化转变温度在-15℃～4℃之间，有利于室温下成膜。DSC及DMA谱表明两种树脂基本相容。Acr-g-PU-PETA的热失重行为明显不同于共混材料，接枝样dTG峰明显宽化，表明接枝样中链段之间的相互作刚有多重性，丙烯酸树脂与聚氨酯之间有一定的相容性。接枝树脂自乳化体系光固化涂层的综合性能以聚氨酯丙烯酸酯成分为50％～30％者相对较好，且以Acr-g-TPU-PETA系列更理想。光固化膜的附着力为1～2级，冲击强度为50kg·cm，柔软性多为1mm。以HEMA代替PETA作为接枝树脂的活性基团，碳—碳双键密度太低，光固化膜交联点太少，硬度和附着力均较差。多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂能均匀分散于树脂自乳化体系和接枝树脂干膜中，不出现色斑，光固化膜肖氏硬度一般高于以Irgacure 2959为光引发剂的光固化膜，光泽度及耐丁酮溶剂性能均有所提高，不会诱导铁基生锈，钛白着色对光固化结果几乎没有影响。本论文所合成的多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂IV〓与IV〓为浅黄色，对光固化涂层的颜色干扰较小，为配制钛白着色光固化水性涂料提供了新的光引发剂。水溶性太强的WB 4759在干膜中易聚结析出，且对所附着的铁基有诱导锈蚀作用。

Furthermore, proton singlets of Fmoc group were treated as internal standard because of their station in both starting material and product.

用HR／MAS NMR分析技术不仅跟踪优化了固相羟基氨基酸的糖基化反应条件，而且选择固载在树脂上的糖基化Nα-Fmoc保护羟基氨基酸〓H NMR中最低场，且分辨好的Fmoc保护基信号做为内标，糖上乙酰基的积分面积为标准直接定量了键合在Tenta Gel S NH〓树脂上氨基酸甙化的产率。

The reaction catalyzed by DAK converts DHA into dihydroxyacetone phosphate which is no toxic and can be ustilized by yeast cells. DAK presents in most organisms. DAK genes in the Saccharmyces cerevisiae and P. pastoris were cloned and characterized by a combined genetic and biochemical approach and the proteins encoded by these DAK genes are homodimer.

二羟基丙酮对酵母细胞来说是种有毒的化合物，在酵母菌中二羟基丙酮激酶参与二羟基丙酮的脱毒作用，DAK催化的反应使二羟基丙酮磷酸化，形成无毒性的磷酸二羟丙酮，可为酵母细胞所利用。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。