羟基乙酸

Methods 4-Hydroxy- benzonitrile was treated with sodium hydrogen sulfide and anhydrous magnesium chloride in dimethyl formamide to give thioamide, which was then directly cyclized with ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate without separation to give ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate(2) in one-pot; then 2 was formylated with Duff reaction adopting hexamethylenetetramine in trifluoroacetic acid to give ethyl 2-(3-formyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate(3); finally, the target compound was obtained by the treatment of 3 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium formate in formic acid.

采用"一勺烩"方法，以4-羟基苯甲腈为起始原料，首先与硫氢化钠和无水氯化镁在N，N-二甲基甲酰胺中反应，所得中间体不经分离，直接加入2-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯进行环合反应，得到2-(4-羟基)苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯（2）；然后通过六亚甲基四胺/三氟乙酸进行Duff反应，得到2-(3-甲酰基-4-羟基)苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯（3）；再经盐酸羟胺/甲酸/甲酸钠体系脱水得到目标化合物。

In order to research the relations of carbon sources to structure of PHAs, six kinds of PHAs sample were synthesized by activated sludge with six different carbon sources respectively in the aerobic-anaerobic-anoxic process. Their structures were determined by 〓HNMR、〓CNMR and GC-MS. When the carbon source was acetate, the unit composition of PHAs was 93. 91mol％ 3-hydroxybutanoic acid and 6. 09mol％ 3-hydroxypentanoic acid ; When the carbon source was propionate, the unit composition of PHAs was 28. 66mol％ HB, 63. 13mol％HV, 2. 55mol％ 2-methy-3-hydroxy-butanoic acid (2MHB) and 5. 66mol％ 2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoic acid (2MHV); When the carbon source was 80％ butyrate and 20％ 1, 4-butanediol, the unit composition of PHAs was 65. 03mol％ HB, 28. 06mol％HV, 1. 91mol％2MHB, 2. 69mol％ 2MHV, 0.73mol％ 4-hydroxy butanoic acid (4HB), 0.78mol％ 4-methyl-3-hydroxy-pentanoic acid (4MHV), 0.80mol％ 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid ; When the carbon source was 20％ butyrate and 80％ 1, 4-butanediol, the unit composition of PHAs was 61. 39mol％ HB, 23. 01mol％HV, 4. 58mol％2MHB, 5. 97mol％ 2MHV, 0.91mol％ 4HB, 2. 37mol％ 4MHV, 1. 77mol％ HHx; When the carbon source was 60％ pentanoate and 40％glucose, the unit composition of PHAs was 41. 24mol％ HB, 58. 76mol％HV; When the carbon source was 60％ benzoate and 40％ glucose, the unit composition of PHAs was 65. 48mol％ HB and 34. 52mol％ HV.

为了研究不同碳源与产物PHAs结构的关系，采用好氧-厌氧-缺氧模式利用6种不同碳源培养活性污泥得到6种不同的PHAs样品，通过〓HNMR、〓CNMR和GC-MS谱图确定了这6种PHAs的单体成分和比例：以乙酸钠培养活性污泥得到的PHAs的单体组成是93.91mol％3-羟基丁酸和6.09mol％3-羟基戊酸；以丙酸钠培养活性污泥得到的PHAs的单体组成除28.66mol％HB、63.13mol％HV外，另外还有2.55mol％3-羟基2-甲基丁酸（2MHB）和5.66mol％3-羟基2-甲基戊酸（2MHV）；以80％丁酸钠和20％1，4-丁二醇混合溶液培养活性污泥得到的PHAs含有七种单体组成：65.03mol％HB，28.06mol％HV，1.91mol％2MHB，2.69mol％2MHV，0.73mol％4-HB（4-羟基丁酸），0.78mol％4MHV（3-羟基-4-甲基戊酸），0.80％HHx（3-羟基己酸）；以20％丁酸钠和80％1，4-丁二醇培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs含有与3#样品相同的七种单体，只是比例不同，分别是61.39mol％，23.01mol％，4.58mol％，5.97mol％，0.91mol％，2.37mol％，1.77mol％；以60％戊酸钠和40％葡萄糖培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs由HB和HV组成，比例是41.24 mol％∶58.76 mol％；以60％苯甲酸钠和40％葡萄糖培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs也由HB和HV组成，比例是65.48 mol％∶34.52 mol％。

The surface hydroxyl group onto magnetic polyvinyl acetate nanoparticles can be obtained by saponification reaction on their surface.

结果表明，磁性聚苯乙烯颗粒与丁二酸酐发生Freidel-Crafts酰基化反应，可以在颗粒表面引入少量羧基；磁性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒分别与乙二醇、二缩三乙二醇、聚乙二醇等发生醇-酯交换反应，可以在颗粒表面接枝不同分子链长度的末端羟基；磁性聚醋酸乙烯酯颗粒经过醇解或皂化反应可以获得表面羟基；磁性聚丙烯酸甲酯颗粒通过乙二胺或1，6己二胺的胺解反应可以得到表面氨基，继而与一氯乙酸反应可以引入亚胺二乙酸基团。

Ingredients: water,glycerin,caprylic/capric triglyceride,cetyl alcohol,squalane,glyceryl stearate,panthenol,betaine,dimethicone,lavandula angustifoliaoil,allantoin,carbomer,xanthan gum,parfum,triethanolamine,tocopheryl acetate,hyaluronic acid,methyl paraben,propyl paraben,creatine,tetrasodium edta,phenoxyethanol,caprylyl glycol,sorbic.

成分：去离子水，甘油，辛酸/葵酸三甘油酯，鲸蜡醇，角鲨烷，硬脂酸甘油酯，泛醇，甜菜碱，聚二甲基硅氧烷，薰衣草精油，尿囊素，卡波姆，汉生胶，香精，三乙醇胺，生育酚乙酸酯，透明质酸，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯，对羟基苯甲酸丙酯，肌酸，乙二胺四乙酸四钠，苯氧乙醇，辛二醇，山梨酸。

Ingredients:Water,Glycerin,Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride,Cetearyl Alcohol,Squalane,Glyceryl Stearate,Panthenol,Betaine,Dimethicone,Oiea Europaea Oil,Allantoin,Glyceryl Stearate Se,Carbomer,Xanthan Gum,Parfum,Triethanolamine,Tocopheryl Acetate,Hyaluronic Acid,Methyl Paraben,Propyl Paraben,Creatine,Tetrasodium Edta,Phen-oxyethanol,Caprylyl Glycol,Sorbic.

成分：去离子水，甘油，辛酸/葵酸三甘油酯，鲸蜡硬脂醇，角鲨烷，硬脂酸甘油酯，泛醇，甜菜碱，聚二甲基硅氧烷，橄榄油，尿囊素，自乳化硬脂酸甘油酯，卡波姆，汉生胶，香精，三乙醇胺，生育酚乙酸酯，透明质酸，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯，对羟基苯甲酸丙酯，肌酸，乙二胺四乙酸四钠，苯氧乙醇，辛二醇，山梨酸。

Ingredients:Water,Glycerin,Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride,Myristyl Myristate,Butyrosper-mum Parkii Butter,Glyceryl Stearate,Panthenol,Betaine,Dimethicone,Oiea Europaea Oil,Allantoin,Polysorbate-60,Carbomer,Xanthan Gum,Parfum,Triethanolamine,Tocopheryl Acetate,Hyaluronic Acid,Methyl Paraben,Propyl Paraben,Creatine,Tetrasodium Edta,Phenoxyethanol,Caprylyl Glycol,Sorbic.

成分：去离子水，甘油，辛酸/葵酸三甘油酯，肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻酯，乳木果油，硬脂酸甘油酯，泛醇，甜菜碱，聚二甲基硅氧烷，橄榄油，尿囊素，聚山梨醇酯-60，卡波姆，汉生胶，香精，三乙醇胺，生育酚乙酸酯，透明质酸，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯，对羟基苯甲酸丙酯，肌酸，乙二胺四乙酸四钠，苯氧乙醇，辛二醇，山梨酸。

Ingredients:water,glycerin,caprylic/capric triglyceride, cetyl alcohol ,propylene glycol,glyceryl stearate,panthenol,betaine dimethicone,simmondsia chinensis, rosa rugosa flower extract,allantoin,carbomer,parfum,triethanolamine,tocopheryl acetate,methyl paraben,propyl paraben,creatine,tetrasodium edta,phenoxyethanol,caprylyl glycol,sorbic.

成分：去离子水，甘油，辛酸/葵酸三甘油酯，鲸蜡醇，丙二醇，硬脂酸甘油酯，泛醇，甜菜碱，聚二甲基硅氧烷，霍霍巴油，玫瑰花提取液，尿囊素，卡波姆，香精，三乙醇胺，生育酚乙酸酯，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯，对羟基苯甲酸丙酯，肌酸，乙二胺四乙酸四钠，苯氧乙醇，辛二醇，山梨酸。

Chapter 2 has analysized the conversly synthetic means of solanesol and designed novelly synthetic routes of solanesol and key intermediate Chapter 3 has summarized the preparation of trans-3-methyl-4-hydroxy (bromo-2-butenyl oxy methyl benzene In chapter 4 ,a novel technology of important intermediate(all trans-8-bromo geranyl acetate),which is suitable for industrial procedure , was found .meanwhile,an another new way has been invented ,of which the key intermediate (all trans-8-hydroxy geranyl acetate) has been produced.

第二部分分析了茄尼醇的逆合成方法，设计了一条适合于合成茄尼醇的合成路线及其重要中间体的合成路线。第三部分研究了重要中间体[Trans-3-甲基-4-羟基-2-丁烯基乙酰基(苄基，2，3-二氢吡喃基)醚]的合成新方法，找到了一条适合于工业化生产的制备反式-3-甲基-4-羟基-2-丁烯基苄基醚的新方法。第四部分研究了重要中间体[-3，7-二甲基-8-羟基-2，6-辛二烯-1-醇乙酸酯、-3，7-二甲基-8-溴-2，6-辛二烯-1-醇乙酸酯]的合成新方法，找到了一条适合于工业化生产的制备它们的新方法；同时研究了一条制备-3，7-二甲基-8-羟基-2，6-辛二烯-1-醇乙酸酯的另一新方法。

Methods 4-Hydroxy- benzonitrile was treated with sodium hydrogen sulfide and anhydrous magnesium chloride in dimethyl formamide to give thioamide, which was then directly cyclized with ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate without separation to give ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate(2) in one-pot; then 2 was formylated with Duff reaction adopting hexamethylenetetramine in trifluoroacetic acid to give ethyl 2-(3-formyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate(3); finally, the target compound was obtained by the treatment of 3 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium formate in formic acid.

采用&一勺烩&方法，以4-羟基苯甲腈为起始原料，首先与硫氢化钠和无水氯化镁在N，N-二甲基甲酰胺中反应，所得中间体不经分离，直接加入2-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯进行环合反应，得到2-(4-羟基)苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯（2）；然后通过六亚甲基四胺/三氟乙酸进行Duff反应，得到2-(3-甲酰基-4-羟基)苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯（3）；再经盐酸羟胺/甲酸/甲酸钠体系脱水得到目标化合物。

The pre-fabricated tissue-engineered tendon had a good shape with the cells well-spread and parallel-arranged around the PGA suture.

体外预构的组织工程化肌腱具有良好的形态，细胞伸展成梭形，沿聚羟基乙酸缝线大致平行排列。

The objective is to subjugate and discourage the people, because that allows the elite to continue to rule unopposed.

其目的是压制和打击人民的积极性，因为这可以让实权派继续统治不会沦为反对派。

GOD,this is the second time you vanquished me!

天啊，这是第二次你打败了我！