美洲的

Then the plows went in and ripped off the protection of the buffalo grass and opened the helpless soil to quick water and slow drought and the mischievous wind that roamed through the Great Central Plains. There has always been more than enough desert in America ; the new settlers, like overindulged children, created even more.

其后的耕犁又强行剥去了美洲野牛草皮对土壤的保护，暴露的土壤饱受湍急的水流、缓漫的干旱和横扫美洲中央大平原的狂风的无情肆虐，在美国，沙漠已经多的不能再多了，而新的定居者们就象被宠坏了孩子们，又创造了更多的沙漠。

Climatic gradients were based on data sets from 841 meteorological stations throughout China. Definitions for floristic distributional patterns were based upon the work of Prof. Z. Y. Wu. Most of these floristic distributional patterns were strongly correlated with the geographic gradients in climate, except for cosmopolitan, cultivated and invasive genera. Tropical genera form a large fraction of the total genera (ranging from 0.84% to 94.38% in the regional floras) with the highest proportion in southern Yunnan and Hainan Island. Tropical genera occur predominantly in southern China of 0° N latitude and decreased with increasing latitude, as would be expected. Interestingly, the disjunct Tropical Asia and Tropical America distribution were not restricted to southern latitudes. Temperate genera account for 5.1% to 98.83% of the total genera in regional floras with the highest proportion in the province of Xinjiang. Most of these genera followed geographic gradients in climate as expected (temperate genera conspicuously dominate the landscape at higher latitudes), except the East Asian and North American disjunct distribution, Eastern Asian distribution and Chinese endemic distribution. Generally, most plant genera demonstrated some correlation with climatic and geographic gradients. The most important gradients were those of annual air temperature and precipitation. A small fraction did not demonstrate significantly particular pattern:"Cosmopolitan","East Asian and North American disjunct","Eastern Asian" and "Chinese endemic" distributions. The North Temperate distribution had the highest correlation with mean annual air temperature and precipitation.

结果如下：(1)除世界分布、栽培和入侵成分外，大部分中国种子植物属的地理成分的分布与地理相关密切；(2)热带分布属（泛热带分布、热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布、旧世界热带分布、热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布、热带亚洲至热带非洲分布及热带亚洲分布合计）占各地方植物区系的0.84%到94.38%，其最低值出现在中国西北部的新疆和青海地区，最高值出现在中国云南南部和海南；(3)热带分布属在＜北纬30°的地区占优势，除热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布外，其它热带成分随纬度增加迅速减少；(4)温带分布属（北温带分布、东亚和北美间断分布、旧世界温带分布、温带亚洲分布、地中海区、西亚到中亚分布、中亚分布和东亚分布合计）占各地方植物区系的5.1%至98.83%，其最高值出现在中国西北部的新疆地区，最低值出现在中国云南南部和海南；(5)除东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外，其它温带成分随纬度增加迅速增加；(6)在温带成分中，东亚和北美间断分布及东亚分布属主要出现在中国亚热带到暖温带地区，北温带分布、旧世界温带分布和温带亚洲分布属在中国北部占优势，而地中海区、西亚到中亚分布和中亚分布属则在中国西北部占优势；(7)除世界分布、东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外，所有其他成分都显示了与气候因素密切相关，其中，北温带分布属与年均温和年降雨量最为密切相关。

In a place called the Mariposa Grove, visitors can see some of the largest, tallest and oldest living things on Earth. These are the giant Sequoia Trees. One of these trees is called Grizzly Giant. It is more than one thousand eight hundred years old. One tree is almost ninety meters tall.

在一个叫玛莉波莎丛林的地方，游客可以看到我们地球上最大的、最古老的、最高的树木，这些树木是巨大的美洲杉，其中有一棵美洲杉叫Grizzly Giant，它已经有1800多年的年龄，有一棵树高达90米，而另一棵树环抱长达十米。

The nucleotide sequences of the PAP gene and PAPⅡ gene in the root of Phytolacca americana were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and PCR. The gene comprises 942bp and 933bp respectively, encoding 313 amino acids and 310 amino acids. When PAP gene and PAPⅡ gene sequences in the root were compared with those in the spring leaves and summer ones, the highest similarity 100% and 99. 8% were observed respectively. They both had one open reading frame . Analysis of the two sequences showed, in fact, they belonged to one species.

以美洲商陆根为材料，提取其总RNA、反转录，用一对PAP基因的特异性引物和一对PAPⅡ的特异性引物，分别对反转录产物进行PCR扩增，将扩增的目的片段进行序列分析，结果扩增出来的PAP基因与已经报道的序列完全相同，扩增出来的PAPⅡ基因与已经报道的序列同源性也在99.8％，而且它们都各自编码一个开放阅读框架，可以说美洲商陆根中肯定存在PAP和PAPⅡ基因，并已经转录。

The nucleotide sequences of the PAP gene and PAPII gene in the root of Phytolacca americana were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and PCR. The gene comprises 942bp and 933bp respectively, encoding 313 amino acids and 310 amino acids. When PAP gene and PAPII gene sequences in the root were compared with those in the spring leaves and summer ones, the highest similarity 100% and 99.8% were observed respectively. They both had one open reading frame. Analysis of the two sequences showed, in fact, they belonged to one species.

以美洲商陆根为材料，提取其总RNA、反转录，用一对PAP基因的特异性引物和一对PAPⅡ的特异性引物，分别对反转录产物进行PCR扩增，将扩增的目的片段进行序列分析，结果扩增出来的PAP基因与已经报道的序列完全相同，扩增出来的PAPⅡ基因与已经报道的序列同源性也在99.8％，而且它们都各自编码一个开放阅读框架，可以说美洲商陆根中肯定存在PAP和PAPⅡ基因，并已经转录。

The primary goal of this Website is to enable users to identify crickets, katydids, and cicadas from America north of Mexico. Secondary goals are to attract amateur and professional biologists to the study of singing insects and to provide helpful information and access to literature.

该网站主要目的是帮助读者鉴别美洲墨西哥北部的蟋蟀、美洲大冬斯和蝉等，并吸引业余的和专业生物学家来研究唱歌的昆虫，并且为他们提供有用的信息和访问相关文献的通道。

Many of the animals that helped feed and clothe the early Native Americans are revered as powerful manitos. Native American folklore and art, much of which portrays animals, reflect this great respect.

很多为早期的美洲土著人提供食物和衣服的动物都被他们认为是玛尼托，有很多美洲土著的民间故事和艺术中都刻画了动物，反映出对动物的崇敬。

The counterpart of the American Indian canoe is the kayak which was introduced by Eskimos many years ago.

而很久以前居住在美洲大陆和格林兰岛最北部的爱斯基摩人所使用的兽皮船，也是与美洲印第安人的独木舟相类似的交通工具。

16Th century Spanish chroniclers record their fascination with the profusion of gold jewellery worn by indigenous chiefs and priests.

我们可透过16世纪的西班牙史家的记录，得知当时美洲酋长和祭司喜好穿戴大量的黄金饰品，说明美洲人对黄金的迷恋。

Even so, groups of foreign hikers have recently taken to visiting Ciudad Perdida, one of the largest and oldest pre-Columbian settlements in the Americas, in the jungles of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. The area is still home to leftist guerrillas and remnants of their arch-enemies, the right-wing paramilitary militias.

即使如此，最近一群国外徒步旅行者还是去了位于Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta 原始丛林中的美洲最大最古老的名叫Ciudad Perdida的早期美洲殖民定居地，该地区仍然存在着左翼游击队和他们残余的主要的敌人---右翼准军事组织。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。