美洲

It was a proud day for the sport of pocket billiards as 39 of the 136 junior players competing in the 2007 Junior National 9-Ball Championships were given the BEF Academic All-American award.

这是一个值得骄傲的一天，运动的口袋台球作为39条， 136后辈选手竞争，在2007年全国初中9球锦标赛上获得bef学术所有美洲奖。

The pokeberry belongs to perennial herb and it is one of manganese in hyperaccumulation plants.

美洲商陆属于商陆科多年生草本植物，是一种适应性强的锰超积累植物。

Commercially available pokeweed mitogen has been reported to activate macrophages, leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide.

商业上使用的美洲商陆丝分裂原被报道能激活巨噬细胞，导致炎症前细胞因子和一氧化氮的产生。

Many studies revealed that pokeweed antiviral protein can control plant virus effectively.

许多研究发现美洲商陆抗病毒蛋白(pokeweed antiviral protein，PAP)对植物病毒具有良好的控制效果。

Type genus of Phytolaccaceae: pokeweed.

商陆科的模式属；美洲商陆。

Methods The subjects were divided into two groups: PIH group (n= 15) and normotensive control group (n=15). Peripheral lymphocytes of the subjucts were separated by Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation. The lymphocytes were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with or without pokeweed mitogen for ten days.Then the supernatant was collected and the IgG and IgM were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

采用密度梯度离心法分离妊高征组(15例)和正常妊娠组(15例)的外周血B淋巴细胞，并在有或无美洲商陆有丝分裂原存在的情况下培养10天后，收集上清液，采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定每1×106个B淋巴细胞所分泌的IgG和IgM的量。

Pokeweed antiviral protein belongs to Ribosome-inactive Proteins . PAP has potent antiviral activity against many plant virus. pTI was used as the template to amplify the deleted mutant PAP gene (N-deleted and N-, C-deleted) by PCR and then the two genes were cloned into expression vector.

美洲商陆抗病毒蛋白是一类能很好的抑制植物病毒的蛋白，很早就有报道低剂量的商陆叶片粗粉末就能明显的抑制TMV在菜豆叶片上局部枯斑的形成，PAP缓释剂也己用于病毒病的防治工作。

There are some isoforms of PAPs showing inhibitory ability to virus infection in various organs and at different stages of development. Three different species of the protein can be isolated from leaves of pokeweed. Proteins were precipitated with 50-80% ammonium sulfate from leaves in spring, summer and autumn respectively. Proteins were purified on SP cation-exchange then on MQ anion-exchange and finally on MS cation-exchange or on MQ anion-exchange. We found that some new pokeweed antiviral proteins separated from these leaves were different from PAP, PAPII and PAPIII.

对美洲商陆春季、夏季、秋季采集的叶片，用50-80％饱和度硫酸铵沉淀出来的蛋白样品，经过SP阳离子柱后，上MQ阴离子柱，然后把活性蛋白峰再上MS阳离子柱或MQ阴离子柱分离，从春季叶片中分离出四个不同的抗病毒蛋白峰；从夏季叶片中分离出二个不同的抗病毒蛋白峰，这两个蛋白峰与春季叶片中分离出的活性蛋白峰都能重叠上；但从秋季叶片中只分离出来一个抗病毒蛋白峰，它和春季、夏季叶片中分离出的活性蛋白峰都重叠不上。

There are some isoforms of PAPs showing inhibitory ability to virus infection in various organs and at different stages of development. Three different species of the protein can be isolated from leaves of pokeweed (PAP, PAPⅡ and PAPⅢ). Proteins were precipitated with 50-80% ammonium sulfate from leaves in spring, summer and autumn respectively. Proteins were purified on SP cation-exchange then on MQ anion-exchange and finally on MS cation-exchange or on MQ anion-exchange. We found that some new pokeweed antiviral proteins separated from these leaves were different from PAP, PAPⅡ and PAPⅢ.

对美洲商陆春季、夏季、秋季采集的叶片，用50-80％饱和度硫酸铵沉淀出来的蛋白样品，经过SP阳离子柱后，上MQ阴离子柱，然后把活性蛋白峰再上MS阳离子柱或MQ阴离子柱分离，从春季叶片中分离出四个不同的抗病毒蛋白峰；从夏季叶片中分离出二个不同的抗病毒蛋白峰，这两个蛋白峰与春季叶片中分离出的活性蛋白峰都能重叠上；但从秋季叶片中只分离出来一个抗病毒蛋白峰，它和春季、夏季叶片中分离出的活性蛋白峰都重叠不上。

The total RNA was isolated from pokeweed leaves using the method of guanidine isothiocyante and used as template for amplification of the deleted mutant pokeweed antiviral protein gene by RT-PCR and then the amplified fragment was cloned into secreted expression pPIC9K vector to form pPIC9K-p, then the vector was transferred into Pachia pastoris GS115 strain.

从美洲商陆叶片中通过异硫氰酸胍法提取出了总RNA，经RT-PCR扩增出缺失突变型抗病毒蛋白PAP基因，将该基因克隆于分泌型真核表达载体pPIC9K，然后导入毕赤酵母菌株GS115细胞。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。