美学的

The author argues that we should change our view of art as expressed in the notion of disinterestedness, shift the focus of our studies from high art and traditional aesthetics to the aesthetic phenomena of the daily life,and pay critical attention to the new forms of social inequality and power relations hidden behind the process of aestheticization.

面对这种现象，美学与文艺学工作者应该突破审美活动的自律性观念，打破美学研究的传统对象，关注日常生活的审美化并寻找美学研究的新的生长点；同时，必须警惕日常生活审美化中存在的新的不平等现象，批判性分析新媒介人阶层的社会角色与意识形态，揭示审美化与大众消费主义意识形态以及市场逻辑的合谋。

Having made a general study of his movies over the years, from his first work THE RED CHINESE SORGHUM in 1983 to the latest movie HERO in 2002, which are grouped into "ideography"and " documentation ", the thesis dissects the anesthetic ideas contained in those movies and further excavates the roots of the "two-pole"aesthetic phenomenon and the "extreme"director's t.

这是一篇关于张艺谋电影"两极"美学现象和"极致"导演思维的研究，是从张艺谋个人独特的"极致"导演思维出发，把他的电影作品——从1983年的处女作《红高梁》一直到2002 年的《英雄》——分为表意和纪实两极，作了一次宏观全面的梳理，分析其中包含的美学内蕴，并探究这种"两极"美学现象和"极致"导演思维产生的根源。

After having absorbed extensively various rational viewpoints of many thinkers in different times, he put forward his unique theory of literature and art, especially Laocoon, the issues he lays and discusses in his aesthetics work Laocoon, are all the essential problem of aesthetics and literature theory, has great value which cannot be overlooked.

他在广泛吸纳西方不同时代众多思想家的理论精华的基础上形成了自己独特的文艺美学思想体系，尤其他在1766年出版的美学著作《拉奥孔，或称论画与诗的界限》中所提出和论述的问题都是美学与文艺学上带有根本性的问题，具有着不容忽视的价值和意义。

Zhang Yuneng these years.In the article,the historical origin,aesthetic characteristics,and so on of gas,a Chinese classical aesthetic category,are closely studied and summarized.It is pointed out that since it obtained the meaning of aesthetic main body gas has showed out a kind of aesthetic tendency canonizing solar and doughty beauty.That is to say,solar and doughty has been the aesthetic characteristic of gas from then on.And it is pro...

本文对中国古典美学范畴&气&的历史渊流、审美特质等进行了比较详细的探讨和总结，指出了自从&气&取得美学上的主体意义之始，就已经显示出一种标举阳刚之美的审美倾向，或者说，阳刚就成为&气&范畴的美学特征；从而证明了&气&范畴充满了刚美的特质，具有丰富的刚美意蕴，因此它属于刚美范畴。

The second chapter of this thesis first tries to discuss the growth of Joyce's personal ideology and its influence on the formation of his early aesthetics from the three aspects: growth of Joyce's consciousness of the sufferings of his nation, rebelling against religion and critically absorbing religious culture, and estranging from his family.

论文第二部分首先从乔伊斯民族意识的产生、对宗教信仰的叛离和宗教文化的借鉴和摒弃以及与家庭的决裂三个方面论述其个性思想意识的形成及其对美学思想的影响，然后分析了乔伊斯对易卜生、亚理斯多德和阿奎纳等大师美学思想的批评吸收，从而形成别具特色的美学原则。

Four peripheries of aesthetics of music are as follows:(1) the cultural background of the time under which musical beauty exists;(2) the traditions about aesthetics of music, namely diachronic experiences in clinique of music;(3) aesthetic experiences jointly owned or shared by human beings; and (4) the effective association of aesthetics of music with the value system of the society as a whole.

内容提要：音乐美学研究的中心是对现代音乐美存在与之所以存在的积极接受，它的第一道边界是音乐美存在的当下文化背景，第二道边界是音乐美学传统即历时的临响经验，第三道边界是人类共同的审美经验，第四道边界是音乐美学与整个社会价值系统的有效关联。

Four peripheries of aesthetics of music are as follows:(1) the cultural background of the time under which musical beauty exists;(2) the traditions about aesthetics of music, namely diachronic experiences in clinique of music;(3) aesthetic experiences jointly owned or shared by human beings; and (4) the effective association of aesthetics of music with the value system of the society as a whole.

杨赛内容提要：音乐美学研究的中心是对现代音乐美存在与之所以存在的积极接受，它的第一道边界是音乐美存在的当下文化背景，第二道边界是音乐美学传统即历时的临响经验，第三道边界是人类共同的审美经验，第四道边界是音乐美学与整个社会价值系统的有效关联。

The Disseminating of western aesthetical trend in China originated from the spreading of culture by the priests; developed by Chinese intellectuals' initiative translation of western psychology, educational psychology and philosophy; thrived by Chinese intellectuals' great translation of the outstanding aesthetes' ideal and wrote aesthetical books by themselves.

西方美学思想在近现代中国的译介始于西方传教士的向中国传播西方文化的活动，发展于中国知识者对西方心理学、教育学、哲学思想的主动译介，兴盛于中国知识界大量而系统地译介著名西方美学家的美学思想，以及中国美学家写出的一系列自成理论体系的美学论著。

Ernest August Gutt has been engaged in this domain and made great achievements.A systematic research on Gutt"s translation theory clarifies some misunderstandings concerning this theory, disclosing its true nature and exploring its explanatory power to translation practice. Furthermore this thesis probes into the application of Gutt"s theory to literary translation, pointing out that Gutt fails to realize the important role that non-formal aesthetic markers, such as tone and feeling, play in transferring aesthetic values in literary translation, though he lays much emphasis on the transference of formal aesthetic markers. Attempts have been made to amend Gutt"s theory in respect of transferring aesthetic values of literary work by means of "non-formal aesthetic markers, with the aim of making it more suitable for literary translation between Chinese and English.

本文简述了关联理论的基本内容，对恩斯特·奥古斯特·格特根据关联理论建立的关联翻译理论作了较为全面、系统的研究；梳理、分析了译界对它的研究情况和接受情况，澄清了译界对关联翻译理论的种种错误认识；探讨了该理论对翻译现象的强大解释力；最后对格特理论在汉英文学翻译实践中的局限性进行了有益探索，指出了格特理论在文学作品的美学价值的再现上存在不足：格特忽视了美的非形式特征在文学作品的美学价值的再现上所起的重要作用；并结合自己的翻泽研究和实践，从美的形式特征和非形式特征两个方面，用具体译例阐释了文学翻译如何再现原作美学价值的问题，力求使该理论更适合于汉英文学翻译。

Nietzsche thought that we should re-estimate the meaning of beauty and art for human life from the view of body-life. He thought that this should be the task of a new subject:physiology of aesthetics.

尼采的美学生理学可分为三个方面，第一个方面是研究美和艺术对于生命，对于肉体的意义；第二个方面是研究个体的生命状态对于创造艺术和美，以及欣赏艺术和美之间的关系，将肉体的生理反应与审美过程结合在一起，把艺术归结为对肉体和感官的暗示；第三个方面是对美学这门学科自身的生命状态问题的反思，要求建立&强力美学&。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新