美学

This paper discusses the following aspects: the cultural background of the Indian classicalism esthetics,the important influence that the traditional Indian thinking mode has on Indian classicalism esthetics,the basic principle of Indian classicalism esthetics and its performance in art creation.

本文分别论述了印度古典主义美学思潮产生的文化背景，印度传统的思维模式对于古典主义美学的形成所产生的重大影响，印度古典主义美学的基本原则以及它在艺术创作上的表现。

The paper discusses the influence of the Enlightenment thought on music aesthetics theory from perspective of the relation of Rousseau s music aesthetics thought and comic opera from,we can see 18th century music aesthetics thought s culture value and the effect on music practice.

本文试图从卢梭音乐美学思想与喜歌剧的关系这一视角入手，探讨启蒙思想对音乐美学理论的影响，从中看出18世纪音乐美学思想的文化价值及其对音乐实践所起到的作用。

In this context, we can enter into and explore Levinas\' aesthetics, and it is helpful for us to discerm the relationship between "the Beauty" and "the Good", and so we can give Levinas\' aesthetics with the "alterity" orientation, designating aesthetics as a carefully crafted part in Levinas\'"ethical" auffassung.

借此上下文进入列维纳斯美学的勘查，辨明"美"-"善"之关系，给予列维纳斯美学以"他异性"定位，指明美学在列维纳斯"伦理"立义中是一个精心构思的部分。

The author argues that we should change our view of art as expressed in the notion of disinterestedness, shift the focus of our studies from high art and traditional aesthetics to the aesthetic phenomena of the daily life,and pay critical attention to the new forms of social inequality and power relations hidden behind the process of aestheticization.

面对这种现象，美学与文艺学工作者应该突破审美活动的自律性观念，打破美学研究的传统对象，关注日常生活的审美化并寻找美学研究的新的生长点；同时，必须警惕日常生活审美化中存在的新的不平等现象，批判性分析新媒介人阶层的社会角色与意识形态，揭示审美化与大众消费主义意识形态以及市场逻辑的合谋。

Section 3 probes the complexity of Vico\'s thoughts through discussing the works of Vico with exception of New Science .chapter 2 introduces and analysis New Science, The argument in this chapter are as follows:The epistemology of New Science isverura——factum, had been basing on this principle, Vico tried to developa new science——humanity and social sciences;(2)Methodology of NewScience: theme and theory in union, experience and rationality in union;(3) Conception of history of New Science: The theory of three stages and repeats itself of historical development, human society is created by itself;(4)Poetic wisdom, and its influences to aesthetics, literature and art theory;(5)The imagination theory of New Science, and its aesthetic significance as well as influences.

第一节论述《新科学》的认识论和题旨，指出《新科学》的认识论是真理——创造物原则，由此维柯试图创立一门"新科学"，即与自然科学相对的人文社会科学或者说文化哲学；第二节论述《新科学》的方法论：题材与学说的统一、经验与理性的统一；第三节论述《新科学》历史观：历史循环三阶段论、人类历史是由人类自己创造出来的，并提及其对人类学、美学的影响；第四节论述诗性智慧及其美学、文艺学影响；第五节论述《新科学》的想象理论及其美学意义和影响；第六节论述"发现真正的荷马"的内涵以及对社会历史批评的开创性意义。

Having made a general study of his movies over the years, from his first work THE RED CHINESE SORGHUM in 1983 to the latest movie HERO in 2002, which are grouped into "ideography"and " documentation ", the thesis dissects the anesthetic ideas contained in those movies and further excavates the roots of the "two-pole"aesthetic phenomenon and the "extreme"director's t.

这是一篇关于张艺谋电影"两极"美学现象和"极致"导演思维的研究，是从张艺谋个人独特的"极致"导演思维出发，把他的电影作品——从1983年的处女作《红高梁》一直到2002 年的《英雄》——分为表意和纪实两极，作了一次宏观全面的梳理，分析其中包含的美学内蕴，并探究这种"两极"美学现象和"极致"导演思维产生的根源。

In my paper, under the aesthetic principle of uncertainty ,I analyse the features of Barthelme's works on two aspects: game and carnivalization, with the French philosopher Jacque Derrida's major destructive key words and the Ruassian philosopher Bakhtin's theory.

本论文从巴塞尔姆不确定性的美学原则入手，以德里达的解构主义和巴赫金的狂欢化理论为指导，从两方面探讨了巴塞尔姆作品的特点：结合延异、播撒、擦抹等解构策略分析了巴塞尔姆小说的游戏性；从狂欢化角度切入作品的艺术思维、美学风格、修辞、语言等几方面，探讨了他作品的狂欢化美学风格。

After having absorbed extensively various rational viewpoints of many thinkers in different times, he put forward his unique theory of literature and art, especially Laocoon, the issues he lays and discusses in his aesthetics work Laocoon, are all the essential problem of aesthetics and literature theory, has great value which cannot be overlooked.

他在广泛吸纳西方不同时代众多思想家的理论精华的基础上形成了自己独特的文艺美学思想体系，尤其他在1766年出版的美学著作《拉奥孔，或称论画与诗的界限》中所提出和论述的问题都是美学与文艺学上带有根本性的问题，具有着不容忽视的价值和意义。

The lengthwise transformation and replacementto be stressed, and the question of the development of modern aesthetics become the focus of attention.

美学的历史发展呈现为近代对古代美学的超越或突破，纵向转换和更替得到强调，现代美学的发展问题成为关注的焦点。

Stanislavsiky hold a lot of differences on drama esthetics and production style with Meyerhold and Brecht. Mainly the difference shows to be: the former is of the school of"reappearing esthetics"while the latter is of"expressive esthetics".

斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基与梅耶荷德和布莱希特，在戏剧美学思想和创作方法上都存有很大区别，这主要表现为，前者属于"再现美学"，而后两者属于"表现美学"，但他们之间也有很多相同相通之处。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。