美国国会

Americans hoped Britain, France and the other Allied powers would defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Yet Congress passed a law declaring the United States would remain neutral.

美国人希望英国、法国和其他同盟国能够战胜纳粹德国和意大利法西斯，然而，美国国会却通过法律宣称，美国将仍然保持中立。

There have been more in America, congressional and otherwise, and elsewhere.

这样的调查在美国就更多了，有美国国会做出的调查，还有别的地方进行的调查。

BATISTE Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., USA

安吉尔·D·巴蒂斯特美国国会图书馆，华盛顿，美国

That may be the first instance of sanctions failing, but there are plenty of more recent cases. In the 20th century they were used ever more often, especially by American presidents and lawmakers. Franklin Roosevelt tried sanctions on Japan in 1940. Dwight Eisenhower smacked them on Britain in 1956 to end the Suez venture. Jimmy Carter punished the Soviet Union after its invasion of Afghanistan in 1980 with a wheat embargo and an Olympic boycott. Ronald Reagan imposed them in protest at martial law in Poland. Congress, too, came to see sanctions as an easy, cheap way of expressing ire. In 1996, for example, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Vanuatu and Venezuela were all under American embargo for beastliness to whales or dolphins.

这也许是历史上第一次制裁失败的实例，但近年来的例子却不胜枚举。20世纪，人们越加频繁的使用制裁手段，美国的总统和立法者们对此更是情有独钟。1940年，罗斯福制裁日本；1956年，艾森豪威尔为解决苏伊士运河危机对英国实施制裁；1980年，为惩罚苏联入侵阿富汗，卡特决定对苏联实施小麦禁运并抵制当年在莫斯科举办的奥运会；里根为抗议波兰颁布《军管法》而制裁波兰；美国国会也将之视为一个表达愤怒的便捷之径。1996年，伯利兹、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、意大利、日本、墨西哥、巴拿马、瓦努阿图和委内瑞拉因他们猎杀鲸鱼和海豚的残忍行为而遭到美国制裁。

Franklin Roosevelt tried sanctions on Japan in 1940. Dwight Eisenhower smacked them on Britain in 1956 to end the Suez venture. Jimmy Carter punished the Soviet Union after its invasion of Afghanistan in 1980 with a wheat embargo and an Olympic boycott. Ronald Reagan imposed them in protest at martial law in Poland. Congress, too, came to see sanctions as an easy, cheap way of expressing ire. In 1996, for example, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Vanuatu and Venezuela were all under American embargo for beastliness to whales or dolphins.

1940年，罗斯福制裁日本；1956年，艾森豪威尔为解决苏伊士运河危机对英国实施制裁；1980年，为惩罚苏联入侵阿富汗，卡特决定对苏联实施粮食禁运并抵制当年在莫斯科举办的奥运会；里根为抗议波兰颁布《军管法》而制裁波兰；美国国会也将之视为一个表达愤怒的便捷之径。1996年，伯利兹、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、意大利、日本、墨西哥、巴拿马、瓦努阿图和委内瑞拉因他们猎杀鲸鱼和海豚的残忍行为而遭到美国制裁。

The newspaper said the remarks were in response to the passage of a bill by the US Senate Finance Committee last month that would impose to higher trade tariffs on China-made goods if Beijing refused to revalue the yuan at a fast pace.

报道说，这是北京方面对上个月美国国会金融委员会通过的一项议案所做的回应。议案中提到如果北京方面拒绝加快人民币升值步伐，美国将会对中国制造的产品征收更高的贸易税。

Some of the most popular ones are the Stars and Stripes, the Great Seal of the USA, the bald eagle, the Washington Monument, the Lincoln Memorial, the US Capitol, the White House, Independence Hall, the Liberty Bell, the Statue of Liberty, the Gateway Arch (in St. Louis, Missouri), Mount Rushmore (carved on a mountain in South Dakota), the Alamo, The Star Spangled Banner, The Pledge of Allegiance, Yankee Doodle , Uncle Sam (a cartoon figure designed by Thomas Nast), the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the Jefferson Memorial, Gettysburg, Monticello, Mount Vernon, the Golden Gate Bridge, the World War 2 Memorial, and many others.

最流行的一些星条旗，在美国，秃鹰，大密封，华盛顿纪念碑，林肯纪念堂，美国国会，白宫，独立厅，自由钟，自由女神像，在大拱门，拉什莫尔山，阿拉莫，美国国歌，忠，扬基歌，山姆大叔承诺（卡通人物的托马斯纳斯特设计）中，越战纪念碑，杰佛逊纪念馆，葛底斯堡，蒙蒂塞洛，弗农山，金门大桥，世界2战争纪念馆，等等。

It also suggests emergency action taken by the Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation could end up costing US taxpayers more than bail-outs financed from the $700bn congressionally authorised Troubled Asset Relief Programme.

研究还显示，美联储和美国联邦存款保险公司(Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)采取的紧急措施，可能最终令美国纳税人付出的成本，超出美国国会批准的7000亿美元不良资产救助计划融资的纾困资金。

Others, representing the safer, more conventional wisdom, will insist that all the constitutional compromise on slavery—the omission of abolitionist sentiments from the original draft of the Declaration, the Three-fifths Clause and the Fugitive Slave Clause and the Importation Clause, the self-imposed gag rule that the Twenty-fourth Congress would place on all debate regarding the issue of slavery, the very structure of federalism and the Senate—was a necessary, if unfortunate, requirement for the formation of the Union; that in their silence, the Founders only sought to postpone what they were certain would be slavery's ultimate demise; that this single lapse cannot detract from the genius of the Constitution, which permitted the space for abolitionists to rally and the debate to proceed, and provided the framework by which, after the Civil War had been fought, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments could be passed, and the Union finally perfected.

其他人则表现出更保守、更传统的明智，坚持认为所有对奴隶制度在宪法上的妥协——在《独立宣言》，《五分之三条款》，《逃奴条款》和《进口条款》的原始草案中缺乏废奴主义者的意见和看法，第24届美国国会常常在所有关于奴隶制度问题的辩论中，自己强加给自己规定，要求限制这方面的言论自由。联邦制度和参议院的构成体系是一个必要的联邦组成机构；创建宪法者没有对此发表意见，他们认定奴隶制度终究会终结，而他们只是试图寻求推迟这个进程；这一个小小的失误并不能贬低《美国宪法》的本质，它也为废奴主义者提供了重整旗鼓的空间，使得争论得以继续下去，而且提供了立法框架，通过这个框架，在美国南北战争结束后，第十三、第十四、第十五宪法修正案得以通过，我们的联邦最终得到了完善。

The title of this paper is Analysis on the Interaction between American Media and Congress during the Foreign Policy-making of the United States.

本文的题目是&美国媒体与美国国会在美国外交政策形成过程中的相互作用探悉&。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。