美国公民

Alvin Bronstein, member of the Civil Liberties Union, says that study after study has shown that you cannot prevent people from committing crimes by punishment or the threat of punishment:"What they will do is make prisoners more angry, more hostile, so that when they get out of prison, they will increase the level of their criminal behaviour."

一些公民自由组织认为，把人用铁链拴起来不能消除像社会中存在的贫困以及不满等犯罪根源；它的作用不亚于为惩罚囚犯来维护社会的弊病。他们觉得这是让美国退回到了中世纪，是美国社会的耻辱。但这种说法看来不大可能赢得美国南方腹地几个州的人民的响应。阿拉巴马很快就要在更多的囚犯身上使用这个办法，像阿肯和亚利桑那等其他几个州也很有可能实行各自的一套串绑囚犯的办法。

All one after another have taken a series of reform measure to the civic education, but the school achievement carries on the education the main place, becomes the various countries to carry on the civic education reform the key point.

国外很多国家如美国、英国、日本、法国等都相继对公民教育采取了一系列的改革措施，而学校作为进行教育的主要场所，成为各国进行公民教育改革的重点。

In the 1920s and early 1930s, some educational institutions took an active part in the law-making process with an attempt to establish a noncommercial broadcast system for the society. In the 1960s and early 1970s, along with the civil rights movement and the feminist movement, the dissatisfaction of the civil society with the television stimulated civic media reform movement reflected an even wider scale.

因此，在美国兴起了历史渊源最长、影响面最大的公民媒介改革运动。1920年代到1930年代前期，一些教育组织作为市民社会的代表，积极参与广播制度的立法过程，试图建立非商业的广播系统。1960年代到1970年代上半期，在民权运动和女权运动等社运背景下，市民社会对电视的不满激起了更加广泛的公民媒介改革运动。

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I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen; that I will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I will bear arms on behalf of the United States when required by law; that I will perform noncombatant service in the Armed Forces of the United States when required by the law; that I will perform work of national importance under civilian direction when required by the law; and that I take this obligation freely without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; so help me God.

宣誓人在此发誓宣告：我绝对地、完全地公开断绝、发誓放弃对我目前是臣民或公民的任何美国以外的王室、当权者、国家或任何主权的所有效忠和忠诚；面对所有的敌人，不论是外国的还是国内的，我将支持和保卫美国的宪法和法律；我将对美国带着真诚的信念和忠贞；我将在法律要求的的时候为美国拿起武器；我将在法律要求的时候为美国军队从事非战斗性的服务；我将在法律要求的时候在文官的领导下担当国家的重任；而且我将自由地履行我的义务和职责，而不带任何思想的保留和故意逃避；上帝啊，帮助我吧。

But unfortunately, restricted by the test-oriented stereotype, we are troubled by the fact that more stress has been placing on test-oriented knowledge and skills but less on the children's socialization, thus handcuffing the all-round development of the children.

借鉴美国在公民教育方面先进的理论和丰富的实践经验，发展中国自己的公民教育，为建设和谐社会作贡献是我们开展这一项目的目的所在。

Well, the signers of the Declaration of Independence wanted the citizens of the United States to have a document that spelled out what was important to our leaders and citizens.

很好， 独立声明的签名人要美国的公民有文件明白解说什么是重要对我们的领导和公民。

His second proposition was a crusade against the Supreme Court of the United States because of the Dred Scott decision, urging as an especial reason for his opposition to that decision that it deprived the Negroes of the rights and benefits of that clausein the Constitution of the United States which guarantees to the citizens of each State all the rights, privileges, and immunities of the citizens of the several States.

他特别提出了他反对那项裁决的理由，即它剥夺了《美国宪法》规定的黑人的权利和利益，因爲宪法条款规定必须保证每一个州的公民享有各州公民应有的权利、优惠待遇和豁免权。

His second proposition was a crusade against the Supreme Court of the United States because of the Dred Scott decision, urging as an especial reason for his opposition to that decision that it deprived the Negroes of the rights and benefits of that clausein the Constitution of the United States which guarantees to the citizens of each State all the rights, privileges, and immunities of the citizens of the several States.

斯科特裁决。他特别提出了他反对那项裁决的理由，即它剥夺了《美国宪法》规定的黑人的权利和利益，因为宪法条款规定必须保证每一个州的公民享有各州公民应有的权利、优惠待遇和豁免权。

His second proposition was a crusade against the Supreme Court of the United States because of the Dred Scott decision, urging as an especial reason for his opposition to that decision that it deprived the Negroes of the rights and benefits of that clausein the Constitution of the United States which guarantees to the citizens of each State all the rights, privileges, and immunities of the citizens of the several States.

斯科特裁决。他特别提出了他反对那项裁决的理由，即它剥夺了《美国宪法》规定的黑人的权利和利益，因爲宪法条款规定必须保证每一个州的公民享有各州公民应有的权利、优惠待遇和豁免权。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷