羊草

The leaf modules of different age tillers of grey green and yellow green ecotypes had the same regulation of allometry and biomass accumulation at the reproductive stage in the Songnen Plain. All quantity indices, such as biomass, length and width of leaf and regulation of biomass accumulation, were different between the two habitats of the same ecotype and between the two ecotypes at the same habitat. The results showed both ecotypes had adapted to their corresponding habitat and obviously had ecological plasticity.

在松嫩平原的繁殖期，灰绿型和黄绿型羊草不同龄级分蘖株叶构件具有相同的异速生长和生物量积累规律。2个生态型羊草叶构件的生物量、叶长、叶宽、生长和生物量积累规律等在相同生态型不同生境之间，相同生境不同生态型之间，以及不同龄级分蘖株之间的各个数量指标均有一些差异，但变化幅度不大，是2个生态型对其所在生境产生的相应适应性反应，具有明显的生态可塑性。

Carthlicum, and was located on region of wheat chromosome 2AL near the gene Pm4b, it maybe either Pm4b, or a new gene linked to Pm4b. Temporarily, the gene was designated as PmPS5A. A dominant major gene conferring resistance to powdery mildew was identified in a BC〓F〓 population derived from a cross of amphidiploid Am9 and wheat cv. Laizhou953. The gene originated from T.

通过与含有已知抗病基因品种或品系的对该20个菌株反应模式比较和系谱分析，推测Am9／莱州953*〓 F〓含有Pm4b，波斯小麦PS5含有Pm4b与一个未知抗病基因组合；（DR147／Ae14）／／莱州953*〓 F〓和硬粒小麦DR147含有Pm4a和一个未知抗病基因组合；尾状山羊草Ae14和小伞山羊草Y39含有新的抗白粉病基因。

The indication of MD and HD, according to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of vegetation and soil, at Leymus chinensis +forb community, were 0.7426 and 0.5611, respectively, and at Stipa baicalensis + Leymus chinensis community, were 0.7702 and 0.59804, respectively.

根据植被与土壤相结合为指标体系的模糊综合评价得出的指示度分别为；羊草+杂类草群落中度退化区为0.7426、重度退化区为0.5611；贝加尔针茅+羊草群落中度退化区为0.7702、重度退化区为0.5980。

Calves in group 1were fed by traditional model(power feed + guinea grass),fresh milk 4L/d and warm water, and were trained to ingest guinea grass freely; Calves in group 2 were fed with fresh milk 7L/d and warm water, and were trained to ingest pellet concentrate freely; Calves in group 3 were fed with fresh milk 7L/dand warm water, and were trained to ingest pellet concentrate added with yeast culture(20g/d). Calves in group 2 and group 3 were forbidden to contact guinea grass.

处理组1中犊牛按照传统模式饲喂，日哺喂鲜乳4L，饮温水，逐渐增加精料饲喂量，羊草在犊牛入舍后便训练其自由采食；处理组2犊牛日哺喂鲜乳7L、饮温水，自由采食颗粒精料；处理组3犊牛日哺喂鲜乳7L，饮温水，自由采食颗粒精料并禁饲羊草，在处理组2日粮基础上每日添加20g酵母培养物。

The many hybrid wheat combinations were bred by 4 male sterile types of alloplasmic wheat with Ae.kotschyi,Ae.variabilis,Ae.ventricosa and Ae.bicornis cytoplasms and some restoring lines,and their seed qualities were analysed.

利用具有粘果山羊草(Ae.kotschyi)、易变山羊草(Ae.variabilis)、偏凸山羊草(Ae.ventricosa)和二角山羊草(Ae.bicornis)异源细胞质小麦雄性不育系(以下简称粘、易、偏和二角型)组配成不同组合的杂种小麦，研究这4种不育系对杂种小麦籽粒品质的影响。

The eleven wheat nucleus substitution Lines in D2 genus(Aegilops crassa,Aegilops vavilovii and Aegilops juvenalis) cy toplasm and three of cheir parents were sown in the five locations between latit ude of China.

将D2类山羊草［粗厚山羊草、牡山羊草(Ae.juvenalis)和瓦维洛夫山羊草(Ae.vavilovii)］细胞质普通小麦核代换系于1997～1998年分别种植在不同纬度的5个地点，并进行分期播种。

Based on these, this study was to determine the relationship between standing vegetation and soil seed bank. The main results are as follows: 1 Effects of grazing on plant communities The grazing successions were Stipa klemenzii → Salsola collina + Stipa klemenzii → Salsola collina community in the desert steppe; Stipa grandis or Leymus chinensis → Cleistogenes squarrosa + Stipa krylovii or Stipa grandis → Potentilla acaulis + Cleistogenes squarrosa community in the typical steppes and Leymus chinensis + forbs →Leymus chinensis + Stipa baicalensis community in the meadow steppe.

主要结论如下： 1放牧对植物群落的影响荒漠草原的放牧演替规律为小针茅群落→猪毛菜+小针茅群落→猪毛菜群落；典型草原为羊草或大针茅群落→糙隐子草+大针茅群落或克氏针茅群落→星毛委陵菜+糙隐子草群落；草甸草原为羊草杂类草群落→羊草+贝加尔针茅群落，这是不同物种对牧压的不同适应结果造成的。

The results showed that with the increase of grazing intensity, the annual (Salsola collina, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Artemisia frigida) replaced the perennial grasses, such as Stipa grandis, Leymus chinensis, the height of vegetative ...

从无放牧的对照样地到重度退化样地植物群落类型依次转变为：羊草+大针茅+丛生禾草、大针茅+羊草+糙隐子草+丛生禾草、糙隐子草+大针茅+羊草+丛生禾草、猪毛菜+糙隐子草+小丛生禾草。

However, the use of Aegliops tauschii in improvement of wheat yield trait has not been reported. In this study, T.durum-Ae.Squarrosa amphidiploids was crossed with common wheat PH85-16, then backcrossed with PH85-16. The variation characteristic of the main yield traits of BC1F1 and BC1F2 were analyzed. Then, QTLs affecting yield traits were detected by 130 SSR primer pairs of D genome in BC_1F_1 and BC_1F_2.The result showed chromosomes in D genome from Aegliops tauschii affected yield trait of wheat significantly.

本研究以二倍体小麦粗山羊草与四倍体硬粒小麦合成的双二倍体Am6为亲本，与普通小麦PH85-16 进行杂交，再用PH85-16 进行回交，对获得的回交后代进行了主要产量性状调查，利用位于小麦D 基组的SSR 分子标记进行了分子标记分析，对来自粗山羊草与产量性状相关的数量性状位点进行定位，探讨粗山羊草对小麦产量性状的影响。

The main researching contents included as following:relationships betweenspecies diversity,community richness,vegetation succession,soil volume weight,solu-ble Na+concentration and five soil chemical elements(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)concentrationwith grazing intensities in the grassland.Relationships between concentrations,re-serve pools of plant nutrient materials,including five macroelements(N、P、K、Ca、Mg),crude protein,crude fibre,crude fat and total nonstructural carbohydrate,and their allocations in defferent plant parts with grazing intensities in thegrassland.Effects of grazing on Leymus chinensis population were also examined andthat more attentions were paid on the responses of many biological characteristics ofabove-and below-ground plant modules to different grazing intensities.Furthermore,in the respects of plant production,survival rate,tillering ability,total nonstructuralcarbohydrates content and others,the effects of one years different defoliationpatterns on the vitality of Leymus chinensis population were detected.

主要研究内容有：放牧对羊草草地植被和土壤的影响，致力于物种多样性、群落丰富度、植被演替和植物生产量、以及土壤容重、土壤水溶性Na+含量和五种土壤大量营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)的含量等土壤理化性状与放牧强度关系的分析，分析了不同放牧强度与羊草草地草群和羊草种群地上和地下各植物部分中多种营养物质的浓度、贮量及其分配的关系；放牧对羊草种群的影响，注重了羊草种群的地上与地下各植物器官对不同放牧强度的反应和适应性变化，最后，从植物生产量、存活率、分蘖能力以及总非结构性碳水化合物含量等方面，探讨了不同人为去叶方式组合对羊草种群当年和次年生活力的效应。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。