置换

According to Hofmann[2] et al., this approach preserves the vascularity of the patella by sparing the intramuscular articular branch of the descending genicular artery and preserves the quadriceps tendon, providing more stability to the patellofemoral joint in total knee arthroplasty.

Hofmann等人认为此法不但保留了膝降动脉的肌内关节支从而保存了髌骨的血运，而且保存了股四头肌腱从而使全膝关节置换术中髌股关节获得了更大的稳定性。

The phasing problem of ACF-1 was solved by the molecular replacement program AMoRe using the crystal structure of habu Ⅸ/Ⅹ-bp as a initial model.

用habu Ⅸ/Ⅹ-bp的晶体结构作为初始模型，运用分子置换法程序AMoRe获得了ACF-1初始相位，使用Ⅹ-PLOR软件包对ACF-1的晶体结构进行修正，最终晶体学R因子利自由R因子分别为0.199和0.266。

As the prolongation of implantation, bony matrix, haversian canal, Capillaries and fibrous tissues extended into, then latticed and finally replace the materials, thus restoration and reconstruction of bone defect ensued.

随植入时间延长，新骨基质，哈氏管，毛细血管及纤维组织长入、分格材料，逐渐置换材料、修复和重建骨缺损。

Inadequate treatment of hemarthrosis due to the high cost of factor replacement leads to permanent joint damage in a great majority of hemophiliacs in India, co-author Dr. Kanjaksha Ghosh told Reuters Health.

合著者Kanjaksha Ghosh告诉路透健康，在印度由于因子置换费用高昂使大多数成年血友病患者的关节积血得不到正确治疗，从而导致永久的关节损伤。

Methods From February 1997 to February 2006, the data of 6 total knee arthroplasty performed in 4 hemophilic patients was reviewed retrospectively.

目的探讨对血友病关节炎患者行人工膝关节置换的临床效果及其围手术期处理方法。

Total knee arthroplasty could alleviate knee pain and improve joint function in advanced severe hemophilic arthritic patients.

结论人工膝关节置换可以为重度血友病性关节炎患者减轻关节疼痛，改善关节功能，但是围手术期并发症较多，需要密切监测凝血因子Ⅷ或Ⅸ活性，监测抑制性抗体形成，防止各种早期和晚期并发症的发生。

Results After TKA, the hemophilic patients felt pain of knee relieved, the knee function was improved, but the range of motion increased limitedly.

结果血友病关节炎患者行人工膝关节置换可以使关节疼痛明显缓解，步行距离、上下楼梯和坐位起立等功能明显改善，关节活动度增加。

In the mean time, the crystal structure of an alkaline hemorrhagin acutolysin C from the same snake venom was also determined by molecular replacement and preliminarily refined at 2.5?.

同时，本文还用了分子置换法测定了同种蛇毒中碱性出血毒素acutolysin C的晶体结构并在2.5？

Further X-ray structure analysis at low resolution using molecular replacement technique with the Homarus Americanus lobster GAPDH structure as model structure shows that the subunit arragement within molecule is 222 symmentry, the molecular Q axis is parallel to crystallographic 2-fold axis b and molecular P and R axes are parallel to crystallographic a and c axes respe-ctively.

以Homarus Amercanus龙虾GAPDH结构为模型结构，应用分子置换技术进行了低分辨率Χ射线结构分析，结果表明：分子内亚基排列具有222对称性，分子Q轴平行于晶体学二重轴b，分子P和R轴分别平行于晶体学a和c轴。

Tetrachloroterephthalic acid was prepared by chlorinating terephthalic acid, oleumsolvent and iodine catalyst. Tetrachloroterephthalic acid was acylated by sulphurous oxychloride in the presence of DMF to form tetrachloroterephthaloyl chloride. The acyl chloride product was fluorinated by potassium fluoride and esterified by methanol to synthesize dimethyl tetrafluoroterephthalate. The ester was reduced with potassium borohydride and lithium chloride to give tetrafluoroterephthalyl alcohol. The above product was bromated in the hydrobromic acid to obtain 4-bromomethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-benzene methanol. 4-Methyl-2,3,5,-6-tetrafluorobenzene ethanol was obtained by reducing the bromide with magnesium. In the exist of DCC and DMAP, tefluthrin was got by the condensation reaction between 4-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-benzene methanol and-(1RS,3RS)- 3-(2- chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl cycolpropanecar-boxylate acid.

对苯二甲酸与氯气在碘存在下以发烟硫酸为溶剂进行氯化制备四氯对苯二甲酸；再以DMF为催化剂与二氯亚砜反应生成四氯对苯二甲酰氯；以氟化钾为氟化剂，环丁砜为溶剂置换氟化，再与甲醇酯化得到四氟对苯二甲酸甲酯；以KBH4-LiCl为还原剂二甲醚为溶剂反应制得四氟对苯二甲基苄醇；以氯苯为溶剂在溴化氢溶液中溴化得到溴化产物；在乙醇溶液中经镁粉还原得到4-甲基-2，3，5，6-四氟苄醇；甲基苄醇与功夫酸在催化剂二环己基碳二亚胺和4-二甲氨基吡啶作用下缩合得到七氟菊酯，总收率达43.6%。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。