罗马法的

There are societies open to our observation at this very moment whose laws and usages can scarcely be explained unless they are supposed never to have emerged from this primitive condition; but in communities more fortunately circumstanced the fabric of jurisprudence fell gradually to pieces, and if we carefully observe the disintegration we shall perceive that it took place principally in those portions of each system which were most deeply affected by the primitive conception of the family.

在成熟的希腊法律学中，其规定比荷马文学中所暗示的实践，更前进了几步；虽然仍有许多严格的家族义务被保留着，但父亲的直接权威象在欧洲的法典中一样被限制于未成年的子女，或是，换言之，被限制于这些子女假定他们的智力和体力还不充足的一定时期内。但是，这个具有改革古旧惯例以适应共和政治急需这种显著倾向的罗马法，它一方面保持了原始制度，另一方面却保持了我认为它曾从属的自然限制。

For distribution of burden of proof with reason and consummating system a

从古罗马法到现在，关于证明责任的概念的表述有多种不同的说法，目前较为流行的说法是证明责任应包

For the difference in modern countries way and extent of inhering Roman law,there are three modes to dispose relationship between servitude and adjacent right in continental law system.The first mode is servitude including adjacent right.The second is respective regulation concerning servitude and adjacent right.

因现代各国对罗马法继受方式以及继受程度的不同，在大陆法系内部，地役权与相邻关系之间的关系存在三种处理模式：其一，地役权的立法模式；其二，相邻关系与地役权分别立法的模式；其三，相邻关系的立法模式。

Beside him at all times in his struggle to reach the top - the office of Consul - was his confidential secretary, Tiro: the inventor of shorthand, and author of numerous books, including a famous life of Cicero, which was lost in the Dark Ages.

在那个时代，除了他之外，还有个努力想进入罗马执政界的人，就是他的秘密助手，Tiro：速记法的发明者，数不胜数的小说书的作者，包括其著名人物传记《 Cicero西塞罗的一生》，此书遗失于西罗马帝国灭亡时期。

The right of dwelling has been taken basically a new direction of real rights law since the coming of the Roman Lawwith servitudes personarum, but it is in heavy idealistic contradiction with real rights law' value.

居住权从罗马法以人役权的形式出现以来，基本上体现出物权法趋势，但居住权本身与物权法价值之间存在严重的理念冲突，当初设立居住权的理由并不是物权法意义上的居住权的存在根据。

He was evidently by profession an advocate in the law-courts, and he shows a close acquaintance with the procedure and terms of Roman law, though it is doubtful whether he is to be identified with a jurist Tertullian who is cited in the Pandects.

他显然是专业的倡导者在法律的法院，他显示了熟人的程序和职权罗马法，但令人怀疑的是，他是否将确定的法学家良谁是中提到的

The concept traces its roots back to early Roman law, in which the doctrine of public trust developed around the idea that certain common properties, such as the air, seashores, and rivers, were held in trust by the government for the free and unimpeded use of the public.47 This doctrine was subsequently applied in England to give ownership of public lands to the king but required that his subjects be given access to waterways for such purposes as fishing and trade.

这一理念的本源可以追溯到早期的罗马法，当时公信原则是围绕一种观点产生的。这种观点认为一定的公共财产如空气、海岸和河流等都应该由政府所掌握，并由公众无偿的、不受妨碍地加以利用47。该原则随后被英国应用于确认英王对公共土地的所有权上，但他同时又要求其宗旨应是以水资源利用为目的，如渔业和贸易。

For the next three decades the church was divided along national, political, and religious lines between the papal claimants - the Roman line of Urban VI, Boniface IX, Innocent VII, and Gregory XII, and the Avignon line of Clement VII and Benedict XIII - until, after various proposals and repeated failures, the cardinals from both obediences abandoned their claimants out of despair of getting any cooperation from them toward unity.

在接下来的三个十年来，教堂分为国家，政治和宗教之间的界线教皇索赔-罗马线的城市六，博尼法斯九，无辜的第七和第十二格雷戈里和阿维尼翁线克莱门特七世和本笃十三-直到后，各种建议和屡遭失败，枢机主教都obediences放弃索赔的绝望得到任何合作，他们走向统一。

The traditional system in the Roman Law has through the development of society.

1这项罗马法上古老的制度，历经时代的发展和社会的变迁，依然出现于许多国家的民法典中，并发挥着重要

His Oxford days introduced him not only to the rich tradition of classical literature and philosophy but also to spiritual classics like Thomas a Kempis's Imitation of Christ, Jeremy Taylor's Holy Living and Dying, and William Law's Serious Call.

他介绍了牛津天他不仅有著悠久的传统的古典文学和哲学，而且像精神的经典托马斯马肯培的模仿基督，杰里泰勒的罗马生死，和威廉法的严重呼叫。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。