罗马教皇

There could be no more startling proof of the importance of the Roman See than this sudden revelation of an episode of the third century: the whole Church convulsed by the claim of an antipope; the recognized impossibility of a bishop being a Catholic and legitimate pastor if he is on the side of the wrong pope; the uncontested claim of both rivals to consecrate a new bishop in any place where the existing bishop resisted their authority.

不可能有更惊人的证据的重要性，罗马教廷比这个突然发现一个插曲第三世纪：整个教会震撼了索赔的对立教皇的承认是不可能的主教是天主教和合法的，如果牧师他是一方的错教皇；无可争议的索赔都竞争对手奉献一个新的主教在任何地方在现有主教反对他们的权威。

But the more he refused, the more determined he made the Pope, who was a wilful man by nature and who in any case was again being prompted by Michelangelo's rivals, and especially Bramante .

可是他越拒绝，就越是坚定了教皇的决心。教皇是个天生顽固的人，他被米开朗基罗的竞争对手激怒了，尤其是多纳托布拉芒特，那位曾为意大利圣彼得大教堂和罗马梵蒂冈宫殿工作的新生顶尖建筑师。

Again, the name accords often with some remarkable and rare circumstance in the pope's career; thus Peregrinus apostolicus, which designates Pius VI, appears to be verified by his journey when pope into Germany, by his long career as pope, and by his expatriation from Rome at the end of his pontificate.

此外，协定的名字往往与一些显著的和罕见的情况下在教皇的职业生涯，因此官apostolicus ，其中指定的庇护六，似乎验证了他的行程时，教宗到德国，他的职业生涯长期教皇，并他从罗马离结束时，他的教皇。

To restrain the Venetians the union of all the others was necessary, as it was for the defence of Ferrara; and to keep down the Pope they made use of the barons of Rome, who, being divided into two factions, Orsini and Colonnesi, had always a pretext for disorder, and, standing with arms in their hands under the eyes of the Pontiff, kept the pontificate weak and powerless.

为了抑制威尼斯人，正如为了保卫费拉拉一样，其他各国必须联合起来。为着遏制教皇，他们就利用罗马的贵族们，使后者分裂成为奥尔西尼和科隆尼斯两派，使彼此之间经常发生龃龉，而且手里拿着武器站在教皇跟前，使得教皇感到软弱、六神无主。

This most holy general synod of Constance, legitimately assembled in the holy Spirit, having invoked Christ's name and holding God alone before its eyes, having seen the articles drawn up and presented in this case against the lord pope John XXIII, the proofs brought forward, his spontaneous submission and the whole process of the case, and having deliberated maturely on them, pronounces, decrees and declares by this definitive sentence which it commits to writing: that the departure of the aforesaid lord pope John XXIII from this city of Constance and from this sacred general council, secretly and at a suspicious hour of the night, in disguised and indecent dress, was and is unlawful, notoriously scandalous to God's church and to this council, disturbing and damaging for the church's peace and unity, supportive of this long-standing schism, and at variance with the vow, promise and oath made by the said lord pope John to God, to the church and to this sacred council; that the said lord pope John has been and is a notorious simoniac, a notorious destroyer of the goods and rights not only of the Roman church but also of other churches and of many pious places, and an evil administrator and dispenser of the church's spiritualities and temporalities; that he has notoriously scandalised God's church and the christian people by his detestable and dishonest life and morals, both before his promotion to the papacy and afterwards until the present time, that by the above he has scandalised and is scandalising in a notorious fashion God's church and the christian people; that after due and charitable warnings, frequently reiterated to him, he obstinately persevered in the aforesaid evils and thereby rendered himself notoriously incorrigible; and that on account of the above and other crimes drawn from and contained in the said process against him, he should be deprived of and deposed from, as an unworthy, useless and damnable person, the papacy and all its spiritual and temporal administration.

这个最神圣的总主教的人Constance ，合法地聚集在圣灵的，有引用基督的名字和控股只有上帝面前，其眼睛，看过的文章，制定并提出了在这种情况下，对主教宗若望二十三世，论证，提出了，他的自发意见书，并在整个过程中的案件，并经商议成熟对他们的判决，法令，并宣布这个确切的一句话，它致力于写作：即离境的上述主教宗若望二十三世，从这个城市的人Constance从这片神圣的总理事会，偷偷和一名形迹可疑小时的通宵，变相及不雅着装，过去和现在都是非法的，众所周知的丑闻，以上帝的教会和本局，扰乱和损害了教会的和平与团结，支持这个长-常委会裂，并在差异与发誓，承诺与宣誓，由勋爵说，教皇约翰向上帝，向教堂，并把这一神圣的议会；表示勋爵说，教皇约翰一直是一个恶名昭彰的simoniac ，劣迹斑斑的驱逐舰该货物的权利，不仅对罗马教会，而且对其他教会和许多虔诚的地方，以及一个邪恶的管理员及配药的教会的spiritualities和temporalities ；他出名scandalised上帝的地下教会和基督徒的人，由他的可恨和不诚实的生命和道德的，无论是以前，他晋升为教皇，后来就目前为止的时候，即是由上述他scandalised是scandalising在一个恶名昭彰的时装上帝的地下教会和基督教人民，即在经过适当和慈善警告，经常重申，以他，但他硬是坚持了上述弊病，从而变成自己出名不可救药的，并认为是考虑到上述及其他罪行得出，并包含在说的过程中对他的，他就应该被剥夺和被废黜的，从作为一个不配；无用damnable的人，教宗和所有它的精神和时间管理。

But the good German who appointed good bishops and abbots wherever he really was master, and who now, 1046-56,[3] himself appointed a succession of good German popes--this good emperor was for the good popes the beginning of a new problem, and good men, at Rome too, were divided by it: the problem how the Church could profit by the unlooked-for phenomenon of emperors and kings who were good men and yet manage to be independent of them in the control of church life, especially in the vital business of the choice of its rulers, the bishops, and of its supreme ruler the pope.

但是，良好的德国谁任命主教和方丈好地方，他真的是主人，谁现在， 1046至1056年， [ 3 ]亲自任命了一个很好的继承德国教皇-这是好皇帝的良好教皇进入了一个新的问题，和良好的男子，在罗马也被除以它：这个问题如何教会可以获利的unlooked为现象的皇帝和国王谁是好人，但管理是独立的人在控制教会生活，特别是在关键业务的选择，它的统治者，主教，以及其最高统治者教皇。

He thought he might secure himself against this in four modes: first, to eliminate the blood lines of all those lords he had despoiled, so as to take that opportunity away from the pope; second, to win over to himself all the gentlemen in Rome, as was said, so as to be able to hold the pope in check with them; third, to make the College of Cardinals as much his as he could; fourth, to acquire so much empire before the pope died that he could resist a first attack on his own.

他认为自己应该采取四项措施以防意外，保障自身的安全：一是对他废黜了的王公贵族，连其子孙都要斩尽杀绝，让新教皇无机可乘；二是把罗马的贵族全部争取过来，这样便可以利用他们制约教皇；三是最大限度地控制枢密院；四是在亚历山大教皇未死之前最大限度地操纵帝国，这样便可以抵御对他发起的攻击。

The roman calendar was reformedby the roman statesmanjulius caesar and later modified by the roman catholic pope gregory xiii.

罗马历是通过罗马政治家尤利斯·恺撒的改革，又经过罗马天主教皇格里高历八世修整而形成的。

So the king came into Italy with the aid of the Venetians and the consent of Alexander, and he was no sooner in Milan than the pope got men from him for a campaign in Romagna, which was granted to him because of the reputation of the king.

他 刚一抵达米兰，教皇便向他借兵出征罗马格纳。慑于法王的威力，罗马格纳拱手称臣。就这样，瓦伦蒂诺公爵征服了罗马格纳，并打败了科隆纳家族。之后，他要巩固胜利成果并继续向前推进，就要遇到两重障碍。

AD 962, the German King Otto I of Saxony dynasty in Rome by Pope John XII crowned proclaim oneself emperor (962 ~ 973 years in office), to become the guardian of Rome and the Roman Catholic Church, the supreme ruler of the world.

公元962年，德意志国王、萨克森王朝的奥托一世在罗马由教皇约翰十二世加冕称帝(962年～973年在位)，成为罗马的监护人和罗马天主教世界的最高统治者。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。