网络拓扑结构

In the daily management of distribution network, the network structure and the equipment and they locate the geographical environment close correlation, like equipment such as transformer substation, pole tower, user, transformer, with geographical coordinate closely relates in together, but power distribution equipment management, movement management, production scheduling, plan design and so on not only must understand electrical network analysis situs relations and equipment situation, but also must grasp space position which his they is at, therefore must and its geographical coordinate the characteristic position relates the equipment the unification management.

在配电系统的日常管理中，网络的结构与设备和它们所处的地理环境密切相关，如变电站、杆塔、用户、变压器等设备，和地理坐标紧密联系在一起，而配电的设备管理、运行管理、生产调度、规划设计等不但要了解电网的拓扑关系和设备情况，还要掌握它们所在的空间位置，因此必须将设备及其地理坐标特征位置联系起来统一管理。

A new objective function of constructional learning is presented.

神经网络的结构学习就是要确定网络的拓扑，使之有较好的泛化能力。

By analyzing the incidence matrix of chain structure model and tree structure model, incidence matrix was obtained, then topology information of basic network structures could be reflected.

通过对网络的链状和树状基本结构关联矩阵的分析，认为关联矩阵可以完全反映网络基本结构的拓扑信息。

According to the characteristics of distribution networks,a backward topology method is adopted considering the status of the switches and the equivalent loss proportion by which the rank of calculating matrix can be reduced,and therefore it can increase the overall calculating speed.

根据配电网的结构特点，采用了计及网络开关状态的逆序拓扑方法和等效损耗分摊，以降低计算矩阵的阶数，提高整体计算速度。

In computer network technology, network architecture refers to the overall design of communication systems, and its purpose is to network hardware, software, protocols, access control and topology standard.

在计算机网络技术中，网络的体系结构指的是通信系统的整体设计，它的目的是为网络硬件、软件、协议、存取控制和拓扑提供标准。

In addition, scale-free property also makes us can hold a deeper study to system structure base on topological properties of complex networks.

它也使我们可能以复杂网络的拓扑特性研究为切入点，深入开展系统结构的研究。

Complex networks are prevalent in the real world, they have small-world and scale-free properties. Network community structure is one of the most important topological properties of complex networks among its statistical properties.

复杂网络在现实世界中普遍存在，具有小世界性和无标度性等统计特性，网络簇结构是复杂网络重要的拓扑属性之一。

Network community structure is one of the most fundamental and important topological properties of complex networks, within which the links between nodes are very dense, but between which they are quite sparse.

网络簇结构是复杂网络最普遍和最重要的拓扑属性之一，具有同簇节点相互连接密集、异簇节点相互连接稀疏的特点。

In order to get out from the cockamamie work in road route design for designers, on the basis of studying the internal relations among local schemes, local scheme was decomposed to small unit logic schemes; the directed network was used to represent the topological connection; the united data structure of point-arc was used to express a network graph. Based on the shortest path theory, the combinatorial optimization algorithm that can search optimal logical schemes of some targets in the network graph intelligently and can form the whole scheme automatically was put forward.

为了使设计者从道路线路设计的繁重计算统计工作中解脱出来，在研究了局部方案间内在关联的基础上，提出了将局部方案分解为更小单位的逻辑方案，用有向网络图表示逻辑方案间的拓扑关系，采用节点－弧段联合数据结构来表示网络图；同时基于最短路径理论，提出了在网络图中智能化搜索综合指标最优的逻辑方案集，自动形成整体方案的组合优化算法。

Therefore, as one of the most perspective applications, P2P streaming system has become one of the hotspot of P2P research.This paper conducts in-depth research on several basic issues of P2P streaming system, including the design of P2P overlay network, optimizing the topology based on underlay network, managing member nodes, and scheduling dynamic data set between data sending nodes to obtain minimum delay, etc.

本文针对大规模流媒体应用部署中的若干问题对P2P流媒体技术进行了深入的研究，从覆盖网结构、节点管理、数据分发以及异常处理等方面分析比较了几种典型的P2P流媒体系统模型，针对解决当前主流的图状拓扑模型在实现中存在的组播结构不稳定、异构性节点适应性差、数据调度效率低、开销大等问题，提出了一套完整的面向大规模网络视频直播的P2P流媒体系统AVStreamer的设计和实现。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。