网络技术

This article is to study the network topology discovery technology and network topology structure technology.

本文就是研究网络拓扑发现技术和构造网络拓扑图的技术。

Accordingly, Time-space Label Switching Protocol has been proposed, the fundamental goal of which is to bind the signaling and routing functions together closely. For clearly illuminating operation principles of the TSL-SP, a new approach of orthogonal time-space coordinates has been proposed.

因此，本论文以光突发交换中这两项关键技术为研究对象，把现代网络的先进技术融合到光突发交换之中，使光突发交换支持自相似业务、改善网络性能、并且克服当前光交换中存在的不足，为实现简单、灵活与高性能的光突发交换提供支持就成为本论文的工作目标。

Load balance is a key technology for the carrier-dass application of Parlay service in NGN, and the research on this technology is of great importance for the successful implementation of service-droved NGN.

负荷平衡是Parlay业务在下一代网络中进行电信级应用的关键技术之一，研究该技术对以业务为驱动的下一代网络的成功实施具有重要意义。

At present, the application styles of domestic expert systems on pomology are the pomiculture production management expert systems and the fruit tree nutrition diagnosis expert systems, the plant diseases and insect pests diagnosis expert systems. There are some computer technologies on the pomological expert systems such as artificial neural network, fuzzy neural network, multimedia technology, Web technology.

现今，国内果树专家系统的应用类型主要分为果树栽培生产专家系统和果树营养、病虫害诊断防治决策系统两类；在果树专家系统上的应用研究最多的计算机理论主要是：人工神经网络、模糊神经网络、多媒体技术、Web技术等；果树专家系统的开发手段主要是利用现成的农业专家系统平台直接进行二次开发，还有少数是直接利用程序语言进行原型系统开发。

At present, the application styles of domestic expert systems on pomology are the pomiculture production management expert systems and the fruit tree nutrition diagnosis expert systems, the plant diseases and insect pests' diagnosis expert systems. There are some computer technologies on the pomological expert systems such as artificial neural network, fuzzy neural network, multimedia technology, Web technology. The most pomological expert systems were developped on the agricutural expert systems platform, while a few systems were directly developed by the programming languages without platform.

现今，中国国内果树专家系统的应用类型主要分为果树栽培生产专家系统和果树营养、病虫害诊断防治决策系统两类；在果树专家系统上的应用研究最多的计算机理论主要是：人工神经网络、模糊神经网络、多媒体技术、Web技术等；果树专家系统的开发手段主要是利用现成的农业专家系统平台直接进行二次开发，还有少数是直接利用程序语言进行原型系统开发。

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

There are three problems which must be solved in the construction of the 198/199 network, because of its high-speed and vast-region:simulcast interfering in the simulcast area;communication interruption between paging zones;signals of multi-frequencies switching invalidation between simulcast systems.

由于广域高速寻呼网络的技术特点，在198／199网络的建设设计和运营中要着重解决三大技术问题，即：同播区内的同播干扰问题；寻呼区间的IPNP联网障碍；以及同播区间的FLEX多频漫游信号切换障碍。

There are two kinds of main transmitting patterns of streaming media technology. They are real and media.

这种技术是为解决以Internet为代表的中低带宽网络上多媒体信息传输问题而产生发展起来的一种网络新技术。

When Microsoft products were threatened by network computers and Wed-based applications, they simply bought WebTV and Hotmail.

当微软的产品受到来自网络计算机和基于网络的软件的威胁时，微软采取的仅仅是购买了互联网传输流媒体技术以及电子邮件系统技术的策略。

" Master -assistant " instructional system design is the instructional design pattern that is fitfor information technology curriculum in secondary normal school based on the electricnetwork , and the pragmatic value of that pattern was verified by means of the test , athinking that is applicably supplied how to design the instructional mode of informationtechnology curriculum in the secondary normal school under the learning environment basedon electric network .

&主—辅&教学系统设计是适合于基于网络的中师信息技术课程的教学设计模式，并通过实验验证了该模式的实用价值，为在新的网络学习环境下的中师信息技术课程的教学设计提供了一个适用的思路。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新