缺陷

This thesis gives the definition and components of scientific and technological premium, analyses main shortcomings of scientific and technological premium at present, and discusses the relations between its shortcomings and the aberrance of scientific and technological premium.

本文界定了科技奖励制度的概念及其构成，分析了现有科技奖励制度的主要缺陷，讨论了科技奖励制度的缺陷与科技奖励失范的关系。

We tumble most of the time for our advantage but not for our disadvantage,Because disadvantage always served as a reminder to us,while advantage deprive us of the right to choose and to abnegate.

许多时候，我们不是跌倒在自己的缺陷上，而是跌倒在自己的优势上，因为缺陷常能给我们以提醒，而优势却常常使我们忘了去选择和放弃。

It was shown that the improvement of electric properties in 1%Eu-PZT can be attributed to Eu donor doping, which decreases the concentration of defects such as oxygen vacancies and holes, while the degradation in fatigue and leakage current properties shown in the films with more than 1mol% Eu dopant results from the apparently dominant acceptor doping, which increases the concentration of oxygen vacancies and holes.

结果表明，1mol％Eu施主掺杂，可以减少氧空位以及空穴等缺陷浓度，因此1％Eu-PZT薄膜的极化疲劳和漏电流特性得到明显改善；高于1mol％Eu的受主掺杂作用使薄膜中氧空位以及空穴等缺陷浓度增加，导致PZT薄膜电学性能恶化。

The paper put forward segmentation method of wood surface disfigurement based on fractal parameter and the adjunction of spring and mass of matrix directing at disadvantages of segmentation method of traditional surface disfigurement and calculation methods of fractal parameter.

论文主要针对传统表面缺陷分割方法的不足，提出了基于分形参数的木材表面缺陷分割方法，并针对分形参数计算方法的缺点做了相应改进，提出了增容矩阵的计算方法。

The results show that amplitude of defect signal is adversely affected by lift-off variations,but phase difference between defect signal and lift-off loci is almost unchangeable.After analyzing the characteristics of the phase difference with the chang of frequency,a conclusion that defect signal is approximately vertical to lift-off noise at a well-selected frequency is obtained.

结果表明提离增加会显著降低缺陷信号的幅值，但并不影响缺陷信号和提离轨迹之间的相位差，通过分析相位差随检测频率的变化规律发现：存在一个合适的频率可使缺陷信号和提离干扰之间出现90°的相位差。

Introduced the analysis and processing of a transformer with three-phase winding of DC resistance imbalanced defect,through further analysis of the after processed DC resistance,believed the transformer still existing the polarity selector"-" side contact deficiency,further on finding out the method of comparing corresponding DC resistance difference rate at each tap has the advantage to detect the polarity selector defect more accurately more sensitively and more directly.

对一台变压器出现三相绕组直流电阻不平衡缺陷的分析和处理情况做了介绍；通过对处理后直流电阻的进一步分析认为，该变压器还存在极性选择开关&－&向侧仍有接触不良方面的缺陷，遂进一步提出，如采用比较各对应分接位置下直流电阻差率的方法能够有更准确、灵敏、直接地发现极性选择器方面缺陷的优点；还提出了测试变压器绕组直流电阻时的几点注意事项。

The model of the ductile iron solidification is set up according to the solidification property and influence factor.

针对球墨铸铁的凝固特点和影响球铁件收缩缺陷的因素，提出了封闭孤立收缩膨胀叠加法预测球铁缺陷，在CASTsoft凝固模拟软件基础上，分别用铸钢模块和采用封闭孤立收缩膨胀叠加法的球铁模块预测典型铸件缺陷。

Therefore, the choice of single mode in the examination and the frequency-thick band of mode has been given a particular illumination separately in the paper, following a relative numerical simulation. And a multi-cyclical sine signal modulated by Hanning window is used to simulate the excitation wave, and then an inspected ring of nodes is established to receive the echo, finally how the length of the circumferential cracks, the width of the axial cracks and the degree of the thickness-reduce effect the result is explained through the analysis of the result, further more, the reflection factor in the defect has been calculated.

因此，本文也就单一检测模态的选择以及模态频厚积段的选择分别予以了阐述，并有针对性的进行了数值计算：应用Hanning窗调制的多周期正弦波模拟单音频激励信号，并设置监测质点环接收回波，通过分析说明了管道的周向裂纹、轴向裂纹以及点蚀缺陷对缺陷回波所产生的影响，并进一步计算了缺陷处的反射系数。

In the process of building and using the mass concrete structures, because of the effect of out-side condition and themselves, some faults will form in the structure, these faults will effect the bearing capability and endurance Using nondestructive testing method to test the concrete"s quality and diagnose its healthy, which has the significant sense in assessing the safety stability and research of the administering diseasesThis dissertation mostly researched the testing methods in the mass concrete structure, discussed the principles, methods, features, sphere of application of the ultrasonic testing in the mass concrete structure with faults, used dynamic FEM to simulate the testing process, discussed when the concrete structure with cracks is under the effect of the pulse, how the elastic waves propagate and what are their changing feature, Researched the principles of the first-arriving waves" phase when the cracks" depths are not same, obtained the relation between the inversion point and the cracks" depth, which has the direction sense in the application of projects,The second part of this dissertation is CT , which used the ultrasonic wave running through the tested-substance to get arriving-time of the ultrasonic wave, then inverse the image This dissertation drawed one CT program which can well present the different little cells ultrasonic wave velocity profiles of the substance, thereby to diagnose the quality of the part of the tested-substance, CT has the better using foreground..

在混凝土结构的施工及使用过程中，由于受其自身及外界各种因素的影响，常常会产生一些缺陷，对结构物的承载能力和耐久性造成严重影响，采用无损检测技术进行质量检测和健康诊断，这对混凝土结构开展安全、稳定性评估以及病害隐患治理研究具有重要意义。本论文主要针对大体积混凝土结构缺陷的检测方法展开研究工作，重点讨论了超声波法检测混凝土结构裂缝的基本原理和方法及其特点、适用范围，运用动力有限元数值模拟其检测过程，探讨了有裂缝缺陷的混凝土结构在脉冲荷载作用下弹性波的传播及其变化特征，研究了不同裂缝深度下首波相位变化规律，得出了反转临界点与裂缝深度之间的关系，这对实际工程应用具有指导意义。声波CT是一种新的无损检测技术，它是利用声波穿透被检测体获取声波接收时间，来进行计算机反演成像的技术。本文利用直射线法编制了层析成像程序，能较好地呈现被检测物体各微小单元的声波速度分布图像，从而对检测体的质量状况作出诊断评估，具有较好的应用发展前景。

According to the method, the effect functions of imperfections about buckling loads of the composite sheet—space lattice shell and she single layer lattice shell are obtained. These effect functions can be simply used to determine the nonlinear buckling loads of engineering structures with imperfections.

并运用该方法，分别计算编制了板片空间结构和普通单层网壳的缺陷对临界荷载的影响函数图表，根据图表中均值和方差函数以及缺陷敏感性指标，在设计该类结构时可以较简便地确定缺陷对临界荷载的影响。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了