缺陷

this paper introduces a lossless detected circuit system.firstly,system gathers slender infrared signal with transducer,then amplifies them with low noise.through voltage comparator circuit,transforming simulation objection signals to digital signals.finally,transforming transport landscape orientation and portrait to single chip processing.in design of pcb,the amplifying of quadruplet signal,filter,voltage comparator decree and and logic function are manufactured in one board.if the diameter of workpiece is long,it can add multiple the number of transducer of four,to wide its range of practice,disposing circuit only need one module.

摘 要：介绍了一种无损检测的电路系统。系统首先利用传感器采集到微弱的缺陷信号，再将缺陷信号进行低噪声放大，然后通过电压比较判决电路将模拟缺陷信号变换成数字信号，最终将横、纵两路的输出信号送至单片机处理。在pcb设计中，将四路信号的放大、滤波、电压判决以及与逻辑功能做在一块板上，若被检测工件的直径较大，可以将传感器的个数以四的倍数增加，处理电路只需增加一个模块。

Inclusion on the rail surface has great influence on the distribution of the elastic-plastic stress and strain in railhead.

对于点状缺陷，分析了空穴点状缺陷和夹杂物点状缺陷对轨头内弹塑性应力场和应变场的影响。

To the crack in the rail surface, the effect of longitudinal location on the distribution of the elastic-plastic stress and strain in the railhead is calculated. The maximum stress around the crack in the rail surface over the yield stress and the steel around the crack has plastic strain.

对于条纹状钢轨表面缺陷，主要计算了不同横截面位置条纹状钢轨表面缺陷对轨头内弹塑性应力场和应变场的影响，条纹状钢轨表面缺陷的存在使其周围最大等效应力超过了钢轨材料屈服极限，导致该位置钢轨发生了塑性应变。

A correlative coefficient for the defect mode interaction and a relative refractivity coefficient are defined.

定义了缺陷模之间相互作用的关联函数以及缺陷模的相对折射率函数，进而分析了关联函数和缺陷模折射率的关系。

Classify glass defect by computing rotundity degree and slightness degree as characteristic vector.

最后针对分割图像，提取缺陷目标的面积和周长等特征参数，计算出图像中缺陷的圆形度和伸长度指标，组成特征矢量来对缺陷种类进行识别分类，为进一步的优化玻璃切割系统提供详尽的数据。

So by distinguishing between the very singular energy distribution associated with a defect and the different energy distribution associated with non-defects, PIPA is able to calculate very accurately the level of the defects in the material.

通过区分有缺陷材料的独特的能量分配和没有缺陷材料的能量分配情况，PIPA可以非常精确地计算出材料的缺陷级别。

On the basis of the FEM simulation results, the forming mechanism of tube stagger spinning is studied. The studied mainly include the stress and strain distribution law, the influence of key process parameters on the spinning forces and diameter dimensions, and the main simulation defects.

主要的工作包括：应力应变分布规律研究；关键工艺参数对旋压力、内径尺寸精度的影响规律研究；以及对旋压模拟中的损伤缺陷、不贴芯模缺陷和隆起缺陷的产生原因和防上措施的研究。

According to the observation of the microstructure of small diameter lumber with scan electron microscope, there are many bordered pits of the radial trancheidal wall in the small-diameter Larch, and most of them have pit film. The resin is not only in resin canal, but also in some trancheid and ray parenchyma cells. The drying defects of small-diameter Larch lumbers were the most severe in consecution heating, fluctuating-heats 2h in between, and drying defects were nearly not observed in fluctuating-heats 6h. There is tylosis in the vessel of the heartwood of small-diameter Cathay poplar. The bordered pits of the radial trancheidal wall are dense, and the pits between vessels are alternate, most of them have pit film. Different collapse happened in all the small-diameter Cathay poplar lumbers. The collapse of small-diameter Larch lumbers was the most severe with consecution heating, fluctuating-heats 2h in between, the least with fluctuating-heating 6h.

通过扫描电镜观察发现，小径木落叶松的径壁具缘纹孔数目较多，且多具纹孔膜，小径木落叶松除在树脂道中含有树脂外，在一部分管胞胞腔内以及一些木射线细胞中也含有树脂，在产生缺陷的小径木落叶松锯材中，连续加热方式下锯材的开裂缺陷最为严重，波动2时次之，波动6时几乎没有开裂现象；小径木大青杨心材导管中的层状浸填体含量较多，且径壁具缘纹孔较为密集，管间纹孔呈互列方式，绝大多数纹孔具有纹孔膜，干燥后的小径木大青杨锯材均有不同程度的皱缩现象产生，其中连续加热干燥试验锯材的皱缩现象最严重，波动2时次之，波动6时干燥试验锯材的皱缩缺陷最小。

This paper expoles an algorithm about dearing surface defects detection by Support Vector Machines and principal component analysis that is the new branch of machine learning, in which the defective area and non-defective area are treated as two different textures and are sampled respectively to be learned, in order to reduce dimension, the image data can be processed by PCA.

提出了一种基于支持支持向量机和主成分分析的轴承表面缺陷检测算法，该算法把轴承中的非缺陷区域和缺陷区域分别看作两种不同的纹理模式，先利用主成分分析法对图像进行降维处理，然后用支持向量机方法对降维后的样本采样学习，然后进行分类判断。

The affected factors to the whisht intensity of pipeline is analysed in two aspects: defectiveness and non. In the non-defectiveness aspect, the tranversing pipeline is considered as thin-wall container, and the annulus stress emerged from inner pressure as main stress on base of stress influence colligated with temperature and inner pressure, then amends it with the axis orientation stress, with the 4th intensity theory, we can calculate the whisht intensity of river tranversing oil pipeline.

从有缺陷和无缺陷两个方面对管道静强度的影响因素进行了分析，在无缺陷穿越管道的静强度分析中，是将穿越管道视为薄壁容器，并在综合考虑温度和内压对管道的应力影响的基础上，把由内压引起的环向应力当作主要应力，再用轴向应力加以修正，根据强度理论计算相当应力，从而实现了穿越河流输油管道的静强度计算。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了