缺陷

First, some critical problems in crystal growth like crystal seeding, Zn dephlegmation, geometrical selection and temperature fields are discussed in theory, and the possible kinds of defects appeared in crystal growth progress and the reasons are carefully researched. To control the concentration of Cd vacancies, a new method by which the Cd vacancies were compensated with excess Cd in the Cd rich starting materials has been developed, and a new kind of two-area tube furnace with good linear temperature distribution was designed.

首先，本文从理论上对坩埚下降法生长碲锌镉单晶体中的成核、Zn分凝、几何淘汰生长与温场等关键性问题进行了讨论，对在生长过程中可能出现的各种缺陷类型和形成原因进行了详细分析，提出了碲锌镉单晶体生长过程中Cd空位缺陷控制原理及方法，并针对坩埚下降法生长特点自行设计了两区域独立加热管式生长炉，获得具有较好线性分布的温场。

After the digestion by EcoR I/Sal I or Sal I/Hpa I respectively, the two digestional fragments were ligated with the digestional fragment of pMSCVneo by EcoR I/Hpa I.

构建乙肝缺陷病毒的工作虽然存在难度，但通过制备乙肝缺陷病毒治疗HBV感染的构想是可行的。

The intensity of pressure is the most markable factor that influence the casts mechanical properties and microstructure. When its value exceeds 40MPa, the disfigurement such as shrinkage porosity can be effectively reduced . when its value exceeds 120MPa, the pressure obviously influence the crystal performances of liquid metal also, and compact homogeneous exiguous equiaxial crystal can be obtained. Pressure can also increase the solubility of Cu in a -Al.

比压是对铸件力学性能和显微组织最为显著的因素，其取值超过40MPa时，能有效减少缩松等缺陷，当比压超过120MPa时，除了能减轻铸造缺陷外，还对液态金属的结晶性能产生显著影响，在铸件断面上得到致密、细小且均匀的等轴晶。

After a study on Chinese financial practice, we find that though Chinese banking system has high cost and low efficiency, one side, Chinese security market has very low efficiency to overcome asymmetric information and has many unsolved problems in short term that brings very high additional cost, so security market is not a good system to substitute the Chinese banking system and must develop after these problems are solved, on the other hand, the cost of Chinese banking system is mainly exogenously produced, the experiences of western commercial banking practice and the joint-stock reform in some Chinese banks have proved that the efficiency of Chinese banking system can be improved. So one of our conclusions is that China should emphases on the reform and development of the banking system.

一方面，本文通过对中国证券市场的进一步分析，发现中国证券市场制度设计上存在严重不合理，短期内仍然缺乏合适的生存环境，这也导致其过去十多年的超常规发展中不仅具有低的效率，而且形成了许多短期内难以克服的缺陷，这充分表明证券市场不应成为我国金融体系短期内的重点方向，证券市场未来的进一步发展必须以这些问题和缺陷的解决为前提；另一方面，进一步的分析表明，我国银行业目前的巨大成本主要为外生，同时，对西方发达国家银行业发展和我国银行股份制改革的经验总结表明，只要在一定的条件下，银行业的效率完全可以有效提高，因而，中短期内我国应重点对银行业进行改革和发展，尤其是要加快银行业的股份制改革进程。

The feathery, fernlike patterns form as the crystal growth follows minute imperfections on the glass surface, such as scratches, soap streaks, dust, etc. which act as condensation sites.

如果在玻璃表面晶体生长遵循其上的精确缺陷，如抓痕、肥皂条纹、灰尘等（这些缺陷随着聚集位置的不同而不同），那么就会形成羽毛状的蕨类植物形状的水晶。

Finjan informed Google of the bug late last month and the problem was fixed within 30 hours, said Limor Elbaz, a vice president at Finjan, which is headquartered in San Jose, Calif.

据发现该缺陷的安全厂商Finjan公司称，这一跨站点脚本缺陷存在于Google的AdWords 广告计划和客户培训网站上。

Chronic granulomatous disease, which is due to a primary defect of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase pathway, is one of the most common serious primary immunodeficiency syndromes, with an incidence of at least 1 in 200,000 births in the United States.

由于吞噬细胞NADPH氧化酶通路缺陷而致的慢性肉芽肿性病是最常见的严重原发免疫缺陷病，在美国的发生率是每200，000个出生儿中有1人。

Foreign atoms were placed over the sheet at several symmetrical positions, namely, over a carbon atom, over a C-C bond, over the center of a pentagonal, hexagonal, and heptagonal ring. The following conclusions have been drawn: The cohesive energy of adsorbate and perfect sheet at all three adsorption sites is always lower than that on a sheet with a Stone-Wales defect embedded at all five sites.

得到的主要结论如下：所有外来原子在含有Stone-Wales缺陷的石墨烯片上不同位置上吸附的结合能都大于在其在完整石墨烯片上不同位置上的结合能，因此在碳管中引入Stone-Wales缺陷能够提高原子在碳管上的吸附能力，同时提供了很多稳定的吸附位置。

Homoeotic mutants also occur in this period.

第3龄幼虫期是成虫盘发生缺陷比较集中的时期，可以明显见到足、复眼、翅和刚毛的缺陷，同源异型突变体也在这个时期发生。

Everyone is an apple bitten by god, incompleted. But someone's imperfections are bigger, because god likes his fragrance best.

每个人都是上帝咬过一口的苹果，都是有缺陷的，有的人缺陷比较大，是因为上帝特别喜爱他的芬芳。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。