缺陷

Automatic identification of flaws is very important for ultrasonic nondestructive testing and evaluation of pipelines.

缺陷的自动识别在管道缺陷超声无损检测和评估中具有重要意义。

The nonparametric statistic method was also used to systematically analyze the soil physiochemical properties and the environmental risk of birth defects,combined with analysis.

为研究土壤性质在出生缺陷环境风险中的指示作用，考虑了区域人口分布和疾病空间结构，使用Bayesian方法，对山西省和顺县连续4年的神经管畸形发生的数据进行了处理，并使用非参数统计的方法，结合土壤环境过程机理，对土壤的理化性质和出生缺陷的环境风险做了系统分析。

In this paper, the precise parameters of transmission properties of the periodic defected ground structures and nonperiodic defected ground structures are obtained on the basis of FDTD analysis.

本文针对周期性缺陷接地结构和非周期性缺陷接地结构的传输特性进行了FDTD数值分析，得到了它们精确的传输特性曲线。

As detect blemish numerary increases, newer blemish appears on average of rate all be worth increase gradually, updated coefficient of variation is reduced gradually.

随着检测到缺陷数目的增加，更新的缺陷平均出现率的均值逐渐增加，更新的变异系数逐渐减小。

Notwithstanding the issue of the Defects Liability Certificate, the Contractor and the Employer shall remain liable for the fulfillment of any outstanding obligation incurred under the provisions of the Contract when the Defects Liability Certificate is issued.

尽管颁发了缺陷责任证书，但承包人和业主仍应对在缺陷责任证书颁发时尚未履行的义务承担责任。

In this paper, welding process parameters of oil derrick have been determined, and a suitable welding procedure have got by use of welding procedure qualifications. The paper pointed out the common defects in oil derrick welding, explained it, and gave preventive measures.

本课题通过焊接工艺评定，确定井架焊接的工艺参数，并指出了井架焊接中容易出现的焊接缺陷，分析了缺陷产生的原因，给出了预防措施。

During the history of the ripple structure was formed, the dislocation-like, crack and oriented surface crack easily happed in the ripple structure.

另外，大面积涟漪结构在薄膜表面形成过程中，会在PDMS弹性薄膜内强度较弱之分子链结构与缺陷处，产生类差排、裂痕及排向表面裂缝等缺陷。

A kind of new software defect analytical method on the basis of orthogonal classification is presented.

以软件缺陷为研究对象，提出基于正交分类的软件缺陷度量分析方法。

By iteratively combining these two procedures we achieve a way of training the configuration of RBFNN. In addition, the algorithm is very robust with respect to the noise level. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithms are sound. In chapter 3, which is the extension of chapter 2, the improvements of the architectures of RBFNNs and the solutions of their relating problems are discussed, Firstly, an new distance metric is advanced and a forward orthogonal least square selection procedure is applied to learning the parameters of classification function and selecting the important input nodes.

首先分析了目前存在的同时确定RBFNN结构和参数的方法的缺陷，在此基础上提出了用基于拉马克的进化学说的进化编程算法来改进算法，以克服某些缺陷；然后针对受到严重噪声污染的系统，如何提高RBFNN的泛化能力的问题，利用基于AIC的适应度函数的改进遗传算法学习结构和参数；最后介绍基于MDL原理的方法，将优化网络的结构和参数分为两个阶段：训练和进化，先自适应地改变RBFNN基函数的中心和宽度，同时训练输出线性权值，再用基于MDL原理的适应度函数的标准GA来优化隐层节点，通过交替使用这两过程达到训练RBFNN的结构和参数的目的，该算法具有较强的鲁棒性。

The micro mechanism considers that the inclusion in material, called micro defect crack, is the nucleus of internal crack initiation, interaction, between the stress field of the micro defect crack tip as loading and strain field of crystal lattice caused by crystal point passim (as vacancies or interstitial atom, H, O, N et al), will trap the point passim, and cause the enrichment of point passim around the micro defect crack.

其中疲劳裂纹内部萌生的核心是材料中的第二相粒子、夹杂物或微空洞，称为微裂纹；而微裂纹的长大是材料中间歇原子或空位等点缺陷在微裂纹尖端富集沉淀的过程，微裂纹的长大速率受到点缺陷富集扩散速率和疲劳载荷的双重影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。