缺货

The price, promotion fee and productivity are taken as control varibles and the consumer differences, product life cycle and costs of shortage and surplus of the product are considered complementally.

最后，本文考察了一类结构性营销策略综合优化控制模型。这类模型以价格、促销费、生产率为控制变量，补充考察了消费者差异性、产品生命周期、缺货与超产费，较之以往其它模型更为综合。

In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between introductory inventory levels and consumer preference in the U.S.

在本文中，我们研究了美国汽车制造业产品推销期间的库存量和消费者偏好之间的关系，发现推销期的相对缺货能引发消费者更高的商品偏好。

This model is based on an ordinary continuous function of demanding rate.

针对库存管理和控制中存在的实际问题，在最大程度降低库存运营成本的前提下，综合考虑了货物损坏率以及缺货率引起的损失等多种影响，提出了一个需求率为一般连续函数的库存模型，并进一步建立了该模型的两阶段优化方法。

The Corinthian range are not stock items but we can normally dispatch within one week.

科林斯范围并不缺货，但我们可以派遣一般在一周内。

Along with increase of product amount, shortage cost, holding cost, demand variance, and with negative demand covariance, it is more and more profitable from commonality. Further more, holding cost of unit period is the most critical factor to commonality.

但是，随着产品数量的增加，缺货成本的增加，需求变化系数的增加，需求相关系数为负，库存维持费用率的增加，通用件带来的好处越来越明显，对价格的要求也越来越松弛。

In addition, we represent the variance of the process as a function of investment, as proposed by Hong and Hayya (1993), to decrease the number of defective items. Our models determine the optimal production lot-size, the optimal levels of investments, and the optimal levels of backorders that minimize the sum of inventory and quality-related costs.

另外，本研究并考虑藉由投资来降低制程的变异，其中利用Hong 等人(1993)所提出制程变异之投资函数，纳入总生产成本模式中考量，即投资后的制程变异为制程改善后所能降低的制程变异水准加上目前生产系统之最大变异水准与最低变异水准之差的指数分配关系，如此不仅能降低变异并提升制程能力指标，亦能让管理者利用本模式来比较不同制程改善的成本差异，推导出最佳生产批量、缺货量和投资成本，以提供存货管理者对生产决策之参考依据。

In fact, our grapefruit products are almost out of supply.

事实上，我们的葡萄产品几乎缺货。

I inquired that said these cultivations the seafood is mainly is iced up the influence, the supply is not big, but inshore fishing's silver pomfret fish is out of stock very much, the distant seas fishing for hairtail goods supply quantity is not big, by the small market saw frequently to eight belts, the goby and so on fresh small seafood, is only in the individual stall has the sale to freeze the small seafood, formerly could wholesale the solid stuff, did not have the trail now.

蛤蜊从每斤5元涨到8元，扇贝涨到了15元两斤，海蛎子、八带、虾虎等小海鲜的价格也出现了小涨，我打听说这些养殖的海鲜主要是受结冰影响，供应量不大，而近海捕捞的鲳鱼很缺货，远海捕捞的带鱼供货量也不大，以小市场经常看到八带、虾虎等新鲜小海鲜，只是个别摊位上有销售冰冻小海鲜的，以往能批发的干货，现在无踪迹了。

Some car dealerships have reported shortages of vehicles and western carmakers such as Volkswagen and General Motors have had to increase production sharply at their Chinese joint ventures to meet local demand.

一些汽车经销商已表示存在缺货现象，大众汽车和通用汽车等西方汽车制造商，不得不大幅增加在华合资企业的产量，以满足当地需求。

How do you weigh the risks of out-of-stocks versus the markdown risk in overstocks in the current climate?

在目前环境下，您认为缺货和用打折处理挤压商品两者的风险哪个更大？

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。