缺位

Nietzsche"s political philosophy is not piled up a dish of messy sand by maxim form, the writer thinks that Nietzsche"s political construction has his continuous logicality. It"s an expression of political philosophy that is constructed on the base of force will and life will, it makes life reach at a transitional bridge that can supply condition for the salvation of art. Thus, there are three understandings here. Firstly, politics is an objective expression of power will, also is an external expression of power will. The real politics depends on power will and services to their requirement and regulation; Secondly, the life faces on the double crises, on the one hand, the life falls into denial of Christian morality. Morality of Christianity presumes another world that life never touch for. This is world of soul belief and pursue, meanwhile, life is depreciated and degenerated as "evil", so the value of life suffers from misunderstanding and denial. Things of presence are subverted as things of exeunt."Uprising of slave in morality" results in the denial of ",master morality, at the same time, although modern democratic politics that based on morality of Christianity makes person return secular life and makes life identity and trite. This kind of politics creates privation of special vulture and race. On the other hand, internal requirement of power will results in the crisis of life because the characteristics of power will is continuous making and destroy.

尼采的政治哲学并非是以格言形式堆积而成的一盘散沙，笔者认为，尼采的政治建构有其一贯的逻辑性，体现为其政治哲学是建构在强力意志或生命意志基础上的并使生命达至艺术拯救提供条件的一座过度性桥梁，对此有三层理解：首先政治是权力意志的一种客观体现，是全力意志的一种外化，真正的政治必须立足于权力意志之上并服务于其要求和规定；其次，生命面临着双重危机，一方面，生命陷入基督教道德的否定之中，基督教道德设定了一个生命遥不可及的彼岸世界，这是灵魂信仰和追求的世界，同时生命被贬堕为"恶"，这样，生命的价值遭到误解和否定，在场的事物被颠覆为退场的事物，"主人道德"被否定，这是"道德上的奴隶起义"的结果，同时基于基督教道德之上的现代民主政治虽然使人回到了尘世，但是又将生命齐一化和平庸化，造成特殊文化和特殊种族的缺位，而正是这种文化和这种种族才能真正地肯定生命；另一方面，生命的危机是权力意志内在的要求所致，因为权力意志的一个特质就是连续地生成和毁灭，就生命本身就是权力意志而言，毁灭就是其必然的命运。

However, with a view to the history of the judicial reform, one can inevitably find some defects such as impartiality and inefficiency of justice and expensiveness of costs, arising out of or pertaining to absence of proper reformers, impropriety of expectation or lack of good conditions.

总结与回顾改革的历程，中国的司法改革存在诸如司法公正有待提升、司法效益有待提高与诉讼成本有待降低等现实难题，这与应然改革主体缺位、改革理想偏失以及改革条件匮乏等有关。

At present, there are lot of problems in the rural land collection and expropriation.

目前，在对农村土地征收或征用过程中存在着诸多问题，主要原因之一是由于农村土地所有权主体缺位和虚化造成的。

The underlying reasons include: the government"s role in establishing a hospitable environment for the managers remains to be improved; the supervision on both capital market and managers" market is far from satisfied; the official standard of managers selection; lack of the manager-specific incentive and restraint mechanism; the vacancy of the restraint system by corporation owners and the ill-founded corporate governance structure, and so on.

究其原因有：国家关于企业经营者管理的大环境还有待于改善、资本市场和经理人市场的监督约束机制不完善、企业社会政策目标和效率目标的双重存在、企业经营者选拔任用标准"行政化"、企业经营者离岗后缺乏社会保障和制度化报酬、缺少针对企业经营者的有别于党政干部的激励与约束机制、所有者约束机制缺位，没有形成规范的公司治理结构。

Under the circumstance of government imbecility , the fellow society played important roles in social control, conflict harmonization and interest protection in modern Shanghai's administration of non-native migrating population.

在政府缺位和政府管理能力不足的情况下，同乡组织在近代上海外来人口管理中发挥了重要的社会控制、冲突协调、利益维护作用。

The main cause of resource security problem consists in absences and imperfectness of legal system.

我国资源安全问题的主要根源在于制度的不足与缺位。

However, incarcerate the limitation of current enterprise organizational structure, value chain cost control has defects in enterprise's internal, including omission of cost control subject and cost control disjoint with external market.

然而，囿于企业现行组织形式的局限性，价值链成本控制存在企业内部成本控制主体缺位，成本控制与外部市场脱节的问题。

Through the comparative analysis between the functions of the government"s'role in establishing a social security system in Britain, the US, Germany, Japan and other countries and Chinese government"s absence from their duties in establishing rural social security, we know, under the socialist market economic conditions, the government should bear the basic responsibilities in establishing the rural social security system, just to build a basic framework of the rural social security system adapted to the level of economic development, to establish a rural social security management system, to bear national financial responsibility in establishing the rural social security and promote mufti—dimensionally raising funds, to establish a rural social security monitoring mechanism, to establish a rural social security law system, to create external environment of the rural social security system, and so on.

在英、美、德、日等国构建社会保障制度中政府职能的角色定位与我国农村社会保障政府缺位的比较分析中，我们得出，在社会主义市场经济条件下，构建农村社会保障体系中政府应承担的基本职责，即构建和经济发展水平相适应的农村社会保障制度的基本框架，建立健全农村社会保障管理体制，承担国家对农村社会保障的财政责任并推动多渠道筹集资金，建立健全农村社会保障的监管机制，推动农村社会保障的法律体系建设，创造农村社会保障制度建设的外部环境等等。在当前的条件下，我国政府应着手采取现实可行的具体措施来履行其职能、推进我国农村社会保障体系的建设。

Through the survey we found that the characteristics of courtesy appellation in middle ancient times are: first, two-syllable words developed rapidly;second,with regard to the word construction,the endocentric construction was the main method,the complement one took the second place and very few other ways, and some morphemes that mean honorific or modest came into being;third,a lot of special honorific titles but extensive honorific titles absent; fourth,many nones honorific-indicated often added to surnames or names ; fifth, some monosyllabic honorific titles to the second person pronoun were the trends of transformation .

通过调查我们发现中古时期谦敬称谓的特点是：一、双音节词迅猛发展；二、构词方式以偏正式为主，附加式次之，其他方式很少，且出现了一些构词能力极强的表敬和表谦语素；三、专用尊称极多但泛尊称缺位；四、有不少表敬名词常常添加在姓氏名字之后；五、部分单音节表敬称谓词有向第二人称代词转化的趋势。

He gave warning on November 24th that shareholders neglecting their duty would allow "ownerless corporations to sleepwalk into another financial crisis".

他在11月24日警告说，股东忽略他们的责任会让"所有者缺位的公司稀里糊涂地陷入另一场金融危机"。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。