缺位

For the first time, Curie temperature and the properties were improved obviously by A-site substitution with A-deficiency, based on the effects of atomic radius and stress on the Curie temperatures.

结合原子半径和应力对材料居里温度的影响，首次利用A位含缺位的复合取代CaBi〓Ti〓O〓中位于A位的Ca，获得了居里温度和压电系数同时大幅度提高的高T〓压电陶瓷。

There are many problems in the relationship bewteen town government and village committee after the cancellation of the agricultural tax, including that the liceity of town governments facing challenges because the absence of the supply of rural public goods; the "attach-up" of town governments leading to disjunction between town governments and village committee; the bureaucratization of town governments intensifying their confrontation with the village committees; the disjunction and confrontation leading the excessive autonomy of villages; the failure of the system of "one case one meeting" strengthening the tendency of town subordination of villages.

取消农业税后我国的乡村关系中存在着诸多问题：行政村公共产品供给缺位，乡镇政府面临着合法性挑战；乡镇政府的"上附性"会导致其与行政村的脱节；乡镇政府的官僚化会加剧其与行政村的对立；乡村之间的脱节与对立会导致行政村的过度自治化；"一事一议"制度失效会强化行政村的乡镇附属化倾向。在这里需要说明的是，行政村的过度自治化和乡镇附属化倾向在农业税改革之前就存在着，但农业税改革之后这些情况虽然存在，但却是由不同的原因引起的。

All in all, My dissertation mainly focuses on phenomena existing in Chinese venture capital investment market with double principle-agent theory. According to actual conditions, we think that shareholders who are full of wishes to supervise the daily management of the venture capital should be nurtured. Another, the evaluation system with government as cautioner, the incentive and restrictive mechanism implemented and anonymous assess as trait in the beginning of process should be improved uninterrupted. Last but not least, in the choosing of exit ways of the venture capital, the MBO method is one that couldn't be ignored.

并在探究两层委托代理互动关系的基础上，针对我国风险投资市场委托代理中的主体缺位、政策滞后等问题，提出要明确风险投资领域宏观与微观环境建设的政府责任与企业责任：在风险资本市场，要大力宣传和鼓励以民营资本为代表的积极股东的参与；在风险投资项目评估中，应当不断完善以政府担保为主体的、贯彻激励约束机制的、以专家匿名评审为特点的项目评估体系；在风险资本退出模式中，我们强调要更加重视MBO方式对风险投资事业的积极作用。

Shareholders are short of a restriction-and-balance mechanism. For state-owned enterprises, the final managers of the assets are holding the absolute majority of shares and indifferent to asset efficiency. For civil enterprises, the enterprise under control may just be a chessman on board, which means its strategy can be scarified for exchange for holding companies'interests. Different information advantages cause different supervision costs. Large costs can cause the shareholders to waive the supervision rights, which may be acquired by other stakeholders like managers, so even dispersive shareholder structure may go through strategic failure. The healthiness of external supervision regulation can influent the strategic participation of shareholders, since it directly influents the interest expectation of shareholders.

对国有企业来讲，大部分存在一股独大的特征，而国有资产最后管理者缺乏对资产效益的内在关心，这是导致管理者缺位的关键；对民营企业来讲，被控股企业可能是其投资安排的一个棋子，如果牺牲部分利益可以换得更多利益，或者能够将股份公司的利益直接转移到控股公司，企业的战略失败就很难避免；股东们的信息优势不同，造成监督代价不同，如果监督的代价过大就会导致股东放弃监督，而股东放弃的监督权必然被其他利益相关者，如经理人获得并被利用，因此分散的股东群体也可能出现战略失败；外部监督法规的健全与否对股东的战略参与行为有重大影响，因为它直接影响了股东的利益预期。

However, to some extent, the cognition and the act of this role is incomplete.

但是，这一角色的认知和扮演在一定意义上还存在着角色缺位的情况。

Part three: This part analysis the problem and the cause of our official accountability system, such as: the officer standard thought in the traditional officialdom culture is inveterate among the officer leader, the vague distinguishability between the right and the duty in administration system, the lack of main body, the innormative of official accountability system procedure, the attention paid to the consubstantiality accountability but not to the variant accountability and so on.

包括公务员制度实施前后，我国问责制在发展过程中存在的问题，如对领导干部问责制存在着认识误区；传统官场文化中的官本位思想在领导干部头脑中根深蒂固；行政体制中权责划分模糊；问责主体缺位；问责程序不规范；强调惩罚机制，忽视激励机制等问题。

Chapter III: The currant situation of education investment in China and the"vacancy"of governmental behavior.

第三章：我国教育投资现状与政府行为"缺位"。

Then positively ana.lyzed transmission effect of monetary policy of China in recent years, and with relative theories, discussed rr~ore deeply the existing principal problems on transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in our state under the realistic institutional situation of economy and finance:(1)Monetary policy tools lag behind the economic and financil background;(2)Separated and uneven money markets, the lack of transaction agents and defect in the relation between money markets and c~potal markets, have rendered the transaction of monetary policy lack on effective channel;(3)over-speculating, illegal operation and insufficient competition have severely weakened the transmission fumction;(4) systematic defect of state -owned commercial bank, asymmetry between financial and economic composition have made monetary policy lose an effective carrier;(5) factors beyond the financial system, such as soft cornstraint over state - owned enterprises policy decision, imperfect social insurance system, etc.

接下来对我国近年来的货币政策传导效果进行了实证分析，在此基础上运用相关传导机制理论并结合我国实际经济、金融制度与环境论述了我国当前货币政策传导机制的主要问题：（1）货币政策工具相对于经济、金融环境显得落后；（2）货币市场的分割、不平衡、交易主体不全以及货币市场与资本市场的联系机制缺位使得货币政策缺乏一个有效的场所；（3）资本市场特别是股票市场的过渡投机、违规操作以及不充分竞争严重地削弱了证券市场的传导功能；（4）国有商业银行现行体制的缺陷，金融结构与经济结构的非对称使得货币政策传导受阻；(5)金融体系外的因素（如国企决策行为软约束、社会保障制度不健全）。

Then positively ana.lyzed transmission effect of monetary policy of China in recent years, and with relative theories, discussed rr~ore deeply the existing principal problems on transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in our state under the realistic institutional situation of economy and finance:(1)Monetary policy tools lag behind the economic and financil background;(2)Separated and uneven money markets, the lack of transaction agents and defect in the relation between money markets and c~potal markets, have rendered the transaction of monetary policy lack on effective channel;(3)over-speculating, illegal operation and insufficient competition have severely weakened the transmission fumction;(4) systematic defect of state -owned commercial bank, asymme try between financial and economic composition have made monetary policy lose an effective carrier;(5) factors beyond the financial system, such as soft cornstraint over state - owned enterprises' policy decision, imperfect social insurance system, etc.

接下来对我国近年来的货币政策传导效果进行了实证分析，在此基础上运用相关传导机制理论并结合我国实际经济、金融制度与环境论述了我国当前货币政策传导机制的主要问题：（1）货币政策工具相对于经济、金融环境显得落后；（2）货币市场的分割、不平衡、交易主体不全以及货币市场与资本市场的联系机制缺位使得货币政策缺乏一个有效的场所；（3）资本市场特别是股票市场的过渡投机、违规操作以及不充分竞争严重地削弱了证券市场的传导功能；（4）国有商业银行现行体制的缺陷，金融结构与经济结构的非对称使得货币政策传导受阻；(5)金融体系外的因素（如国企决策行为软约束、社会保障制度不健全）。

The structure of 9 exhibits a two-dimensional layer structure, in which Dy2O2 dimer serves as the building block.

化合物8为首次发现的稀土柠檬酸配合物修饰的双缺位Keggin型多金属氧簇化合物。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。