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On the above mentioned base, the metallized films of polyvinyl formal , polyvinyl butyral and polyethersulphone prepared by reduction were newly developed.

在系统地研究聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯腈/金属盐体系表面金属化的同时，又开发了聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和聚醚砜/金属盐体系，并对这些材料表面金属化的条件和影响因素进行了详细研究。

The main object of this research is to investigate synthesis of Cu23Cl Cu and CuO nanoparticles through electrospinning and heat-treated method The research is mainly focused on preparative parameter and the change of heat-treated temperature to form the nanoparticles inlaid in silicon fibers the shape and color change are dicussed First of all to prepare the Polyvinyl butyral and silica dioxide complex nanofiber by electrospinning and then to investigate different heat-treated temperature and reactive time to being an influence on the products The results detected by SEM XRD TEM EDS FTIR combined sol-gel process and electrospinning can prepare Polyvinyl butyral and silica complex nanofiber The experimental result is found when heat-treated temperature is 100~4750C it can produce Cu23Cl nanoparticles; Above 4750C~ 4900C it can produce Cu nanoparticles; Above 450~7000C it can produce CuO nanoparticles And the viscosity is lain between 20~40cp and the sol-gel process time is 3hr it can produce the thinner fibers The average diameter of the fibers are 107 88±21 01nm;Due to the nanoparticles inlaid in the silica fibers the thinner fibers can be inlaid the smaller nanoparticles so this is the result that the experiment is expected To calcine the complex fibers is to produce surface silica fibers contain Cu23Cl Cu and CuO nanoparticles due to surface plasma resonance it make the color of the fibers become yellowish green from light white green turn into the red nuclear finally As the experimental result to utilize sol-gel process combine electrospinning can produce porous silica fibers contain Cu23Cl Cu and CuO nanoparticles

本研究旨在探讨「利用放电纺丝和热处理法来合成Cu23Cl、Cu和CuO奈米粒」之研究，实验著重在制备参数与热处理温度变化对所形成的奈米粒镶嵌在二氧化矽纤维中的形态与颜色变化探讨。首先，利用放电纺丝法制备出聚乙烯醇缩丁醛及二氧化矽之奈米纤维，比较不同的热处理温度与反应时间的改变对产物生成产生影响，进而研究不同热处理温度和时间对生成奈米粒的影响。产物经由SEM、XRD、TEM、EDS和FTIR等仪器分析结果显示，结合溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel process)和放电纺丝法可产生聚乙烯醇缩丁醛及二氧化矽复合奈米纤维。实验结果发现，若热处理温度在100~4750C下可得到Cu23Cl奈米粒，475~4900C 可得Cu奈米粒，450~7000C以上可得 CuO奈米粒。而黏度介於20~40cp间和溶胶-凝胶时间为3hr时，可产生直径比较细的纤维，纤维直径为107 88±21 01nm；且由於奈米金属颗粒镶嵌在二氧化矽纤维中，直径比较细的纤维，可以得到比较小的奈米金属颗粒，这与实验预期相符。而锻烧此复合物产生多孔的二氧化矽纤维并包含Cu23Cl、Cu和CuO奈米微粒时，由於表面电浆子共震关系，而使纤维颜色由淡白黄绿色变成黄绿色，再变红褐色。由实验结果得知，利用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel process)结合放电纺丝法和不同热处理温度，可产生Cu23Cl、Cu和CuO奈米粒镶嵌在二氧化矽纤维。

During the PCD, condensation of nucleus, marginalization of chromatin, nuclear membrane shrinkage and destruction apparently occurred, and many vesicles appeared in the cytoplasm, which may be related to the degradation of cell substances.

正在凋亡的细胞核染色质固缩、趋边、核膜破裂或皱缩、细胞质囊泡化并将降解的物质运到周围细胞，从而保证了其它细胞正常发育以及生长的细胞对物质和能量的需求。

Furthermore, a convenient procedure for synthesis of unsymmetric squarylium cyanies has been developed. We find the particular reactiveness between benzotellurazolium lodide and squaric acid: only 1: 1 condensation is involved in this reaction. The resultant can condense easily with benzothiazolium iodide to give unsymmetric squarylium dye of unique component.

研究了苯并碲唑季铵碘盐与方酸的特殊反应性，发现它们只发生1：1缩合，缩合产物可与苯并噻唑碘盐反应生成染料，从而提供了制备单一组分的不对称方酸碲菁染料的简便方法。

We also found for the first time that the reaction between ketone and alcohol to ketal was catalyzed by benzamide and their derivatives, and the related mechanism is proposed. Furthermore, under the same irradiation condition, the photo-reaction of succimide with alcohol as well as the photolysis of benzene sulfonamide was also found and studied.

并首次发现在紫外光激发下，苯甲酰胺对酮和醇生成缩酮的反应有一定的催化作用，进而对一系列芳酰胺类化合物作了对比实验，发现芳酰胺类化合物均能对缩酮的生成有催化作用，并对芳酰胺的作用机理进行了初步探讨。

This checks to make sure there is a thumbnail and displays the thumbnail if there is one.

这将进行检查以保证有缩略图，并在存在缩略图的情况下显示缩略图。

In this catalyst system, the Knoevenagel condensations of a series of aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate were programmed and a mechanism was postulated as well. When aromatic aldehydes reacted with ethyl cyanoacetate, the corresponding alkenes proved to be E-isomers by 1H NMR.

在该反应体系中考察了一系列芳香醛和丙二氰、氰基乙酸乙酯的缩合反应，并推测了Knoevenagel缩合反应的机理，芳香醛与氰基乙酸乙酯缩合产物经1H NMR检测为E式烯烃。

Properties of these samples are tested by FAST instrument, including bending rigidity, extensibility, cutting resistance and seam puckers at different directions, and subjective evaluations on seam pucker are carried out in accordance with the related standard of AATCC.

在0°~360°范围内沿面料经向每隔10°分别取样并缝制，还包括45°、135°、225°和315°斜向角度，用FAST风格仪测定不同方向面料的弯曲性能、拉伸性能、剪切性能，分别测定面料不同方向的缝缩率，并通过AATCC标准对缝缩进行主观评价。

Based on the analysis of formation mechanism of shrinkage, dispersed shrinkage, gas cavity and blow hole shrinkage in the brake hub castings of Santana car, some methods are put forward to solve these problems.

本文在对桑塔纳轿车后制动毂的缩松、缩孔、气孔、气缩孔等孔洞类缺陷进行机理分析的基础上，提出了一些解决的措施，并在实际生产中取得了明显的效

For convenience of the comparison and application, method for calculating the binder path length is set up in accordance with Newton-Cotes method under the aid of computer. The binder shrinkages, which are more useful in fabric production, are converted from binder path length, and compared with the testing shrinkage results.

为了方便比较和应用，采用Newton-cotes法，建立了接结纱曲线长度的计算方法，并由计算机进行求解；再将模型计算的接结纱长度转化为接结纱缩率，并与实际测试的接结纱缩率相比较，发现两者基本是一致的，误差较小，说明建立的接结纱模型是正确的。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。