缩并

Catalyzed by KF-Al2O3, Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde with ethyl cyanoacetate under microwave irradiation without solvent has been found to proceed with high yield.

采用KF-Al2O3为催化剂，在无溶剂微波辐射下苯甲醛与氰基乙酸乙酯发生 Knoevenagel 缩合反应，得到了较高的产率，并考察了反应条件对产率的影响。

Starting with two reactive methylene compounds, ethyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile, two 5-amino-1H-pyrazoles were prepared through the intermediates ketene dithioacetal.

从两个活泼亚甲基化合物开始，经过乙烯酮二硫代缩醛中间体，合成了两个5-氨基-1H-吡唑，以这个两个化合物为中间体，与芳香族和脂肪族α-溴代酮反应，而后经酸催化亚胺化互变异构后得到含咪唑并[1，2-b]吡唑甲硫醚类化合物6a-6g。

Methods The target compounds were synthesized from cyclopentanone via Stork reaction, Mannich condensation , amine exchange and selective reduction. Xylene-induced mice ear edema assay was used to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity.

以环戊酮为起始原料，通过Stork烯胺反应、Mannich缩合反应、胺交换反应和选择性还原制备目标化合物；并以二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型测试目标化合物的抗炎活性。

It was negative for co-culture of Vero cells with upper fluid of iris, ciliary body and retina which were blindly transfered to the third generation. No Cytopathological effects were observed, while the positive contrast group had CPE including such as ballooning degeneration, karyopyknosis ,multinucleated giant cell even cell necrosis.

Vero 细胞分别与虹膜、睫状体、视网膜组织上清液共培养，并盲传三代结果为阴性，未观察到细胞病理学改变，对照组有阳性表现，表现为Vero 细胞气球样变、核固缩、多核巨细胞甚至细胞悬浮死亡。

The chemical activating mechanism of UA is that CG can stimulate pozzolanicity more effective than gypsum because of higher solubility and looser crystal structure; but CG has poor property on retardation setting, and this shortage can be solved by mixing with gypsum; CS can offer alkali activity, which can depolymerize silica and aluminum glass, and benefit for other activity methods and overcome the disadvantage of HF on setting time; Sodium sulfate improves early strength greatly but loses the final strength. NF can improve both early and final strengths.

联合激发技术的化学激发机理是，煅烧石膏溶解度高及晶体结构松弛，比天然石膏的活性激发效率高，但降低石膏的缓凝作用，与天然石膏混合既可提高活性又能保持缓凝作用；干法电石渣提供碱激发，促进高钙灰中硅、铝玻璃体解聚，并克服高钙灰对凝结时间的不利影响；硫酸钠虽然早强作用明显，但使后期强度倒缩，NF使各龄期活性都得到提高；磨细的物理激发使高钙灰大颗粒中的CaO和富集碳组分被磨细、分散，活性增加而危害性降低。

Objective To introduce a new procedure modifying upper eyelid's dermatocele and excessive fullness.Methods In this procedure,we design incision at sub-eyebrow but not up-eyelash to do upper eyelid blepharoplasty.Using this approach,we smooth the wrinkles ion upper eyelids,excise superfluous skin and pseudo-herniated orbital fat so as to make patients youthful.Results Through this method.aging upper eyelids can be made youthful effectively and naturally.

目的 介绍治疗上睑臃肿松垂的新术式方法我们采用眉下切口而不是传统的睫毛上切口进行上睑整形，充分舒展松垂皱缩的上睑，并去除膨出的上睑眶隔脂肪及余的皮肤和轮匝肌组织，在达到改善上睑松弛使病人外貌年轻化的目的。

Another example is about the synthesis of AlPO〓-21, it was prepared by using diethylamine as template.

该链是一条亚磷酸铝链，在水热反应过程中，在相关模板剂的协同作用下，P物种经过缓慢的氧化-还原反应原位转变生成P物种，并通过水解与缩合的自组装路线而生成相关类型的磷酸铝分子筛。

Additionally LC-MS was also used in qualitative analysis of the reactionsystem for the synthesis of dipropyl toluene-2,4-dicarbamate TDC(Pr. The main side-reactions were condensation reactions between 3-amino-4-methyl N-propylphenylcarbamate with TU or toluene 2,4-bisurea.

同样，运用液质联用技术对甲苯-2，4-二氨基甲酸丙酯TDC合成反应进行了定性分析，确定了副产物并推测其主要副反应是中间产物3-氨基-4甲基苯氨基甲酸丙酯与TU和甲苯-2，4-二脲之间的缩合反应。

On the industrial experiments the effect of electromagnetic stirring on central porosity ,equiaxial crystal ratio,shrinkage cavities and surface quality as well as effect of electromagnetic stirring on the solidification of the continuous casting billet have been analyzed and discussed.

根据工业试验结果，分析了结晶器电磁搅拌对马氏体不锈钢连铸坯的中心疏松、等轴晶率、缩孔及表面质量的影响，并对电磁搅拌对铸坯凝固的影响机理进行了探讨。

The white loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lind1. cv. Guanyu) fruit was treated with hot air of 38℃ for 24 h and 48 h, and then stored at a low temperature. The changes of fruit quality were studied by analyzing the total soluble solids, titratable acidity, loss weight, and wrinkled skin during storage.

方法］在枇杷贮藏前，进行了24和48 h 38℃热空气处理，并检测在低温贮藏下的可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、失重以及皱缩等的变化。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。