缩小

This paper reduces the range of ridge parameter according to the monotonicity of mean square error function.

本文通过分析均方误差函数的单调性，将K 的范围缩小到一个相对较小的区间。

Results The reduction of the edema of upper limbs was remarkable. The average decrease of circumference was 4 cm. No erysipelas was observed.

结果 经6～15个月随访，11例患者的上肢淋巴水肿明显减轻，外观缩小，平均上臂周径较术前减小4cm，无丹毒发生。

Work with your real estate agent to narrow your focus.

同你的房地产代理人，以缩小你的焦点。

In order to speed up the k-PNN query processing,efficient spatial and probabilistic pruning approaches are used to reduce the search space,thus the costly numerical evaluation of complex integrals can be avoided as much aspossible.

因此，必须尽量缩小查询所需搜索的空间范围，从而在不影响返回正确结果集的情况下，进一步减少所要考虑的非确定对象，在很大程度上避免利用原始计算公式来返回结果集。

Yang Lin takes charge of the network searching aspect,the emphases of which is to make the searching compacter and exacter through reducing search bound and combine with WORD better so people can copy the things we searched more convenient when edit.

杨林主要负责网络搜索方面的内容，重点是加强网络搜索的简洁度和准确度，缩小搜索范围，并使其与WORD功能更好的结合，在进行文本编辑时可以方便的将搜索到的内容复制粘贴。

The establishment of the exclusive economic zone is of much significance because it greatly reduced the scope of the fishing freedom.

专属经济区制度的建立是对公海捕鱼自由原则的重大限制，因为它大大缩小了原有公海捕鱼自由的适用范围。

Most risk factors appear in 2cm to tumor in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ breast cancer patients,so we recommend 2cm to tumor as the safe exsection standard.The range of exsection should be expanded（＞2cm） when there were P53 mutation,the expression of C-erB-2 expanded and EIC.

Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌保乳术后复发危险因素绝大多数（95.2%）在瘤缘外2cm以内存在，因此推荐以癌旁2cm作为保乳手术的安全切除范围，远离乳头端可缩小手术范围至癌旁1cm处；原发癌C-erbB-2扩增和P53突变时，行保乳手术应适当扩大切除范围（＞2cm）；EIC时，应扩大手术范围。

To the disadvantage exposed to us in national and foreign VTS system, and those putted up in application projects, the thesis did a farther study and consummation, and acquired some research fruits, as follows:1. Fulfilled the Eagle Eye function in Electronic Chart Display System.2. Designed a kind of simple algorithm for select chart. By this arithmetic it become true to auto select electronic chart when chart is zoomed.3. The realization of auto acquired field on electronic chart.4. The simulation of target data and error of radar and AIS by software.5. The fusion processing of the dynamic data those are collected from AIS and Radar.6. Resolve the target track problem of radar by the data fusion technology.7. The algorithm design of display field reduce, this function can improve the speed of display.

针对目前国内外VTS系统中暴露出的薄弱点，以及应用实践中表现出的不足本文对综合信息处理与显示系统做了进一步的研究和完善，取得了以下的研究成果： 1、电子海图显示系统中鹰眼图的功能设置与实现； 2、设计一种简易的选图算法，通过该算法实现可在海图放大、缩小时的自动选图； 3、电子海图上自动录取区的实现； 4、实现对雷达和AIS目标数据及其误差的软件仿真； 5、船舶自动识别系统中动态信息与雷达动态信息的数据融合处理； 6、利用数据融合技术解决雷达目标跟踪方面的问题； 7、海图空间信息中显示区域裁减算法的设计，该模块的实现大幅度提高了海图的显示速度。

Lanthanides belong to the sixth cycle of the periodic table Ⅲ B family, are all solid metal, they are La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium were 15 kinds of metals and their periphery are two layers of electronic 5d16s2, while the peripheral third layer f orbital but never zero to 14, so the external electronic structure of 4f0-145d16s2, and therefore these elements in oxidation number are to 3, very close chemical properties, extraction, when it is difficult to separate them they are mostly multi-element mineral mix, more difficult to increase refining, and their atomic number of 57-71, one by one to increase the number of protons the nucleus, and thus extranuclear electron of gravity is also growing, so that atomic radius decreases with increasing atomic number Z, which makes lanthanides contraction, ionic radius is also reduced, which also makes Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta, Mo and W, the atom and ionic radius very close to each other they also determine a similar nature, resulting in difficult separation, also the tribe Ⅷ of the fifth cycle, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, and the sixth cycle, osmium, iridium, platinum is very similar in nature, thus The six elements, said platinum group elements.

镧系元素属于周期表第六周期中ⅢB族，全部是固体金属，它们是镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱和镥共十五种金属元素，它们的外围两层的电子均是5d16s2，而外围第三层的f轨道电子却从零增加到14个，所以外围电子结构为4f0－145d16s2，而使这些元素氧化数均为＋3，化学性质极为接近，提炼时很难分开，它们的矿石又大多是多种元素混在一起的，更增加提纯难度，它们的原子序数为57－71，核内质子数逐个增加，因而对核外电子引力也不断增强，使原子半径随原子序数Z增加而减小，这就使镧系元素收缩、离子半径也缩小，这也使得Zr和Hf，Nb和Ta、Mo和W等原子和离子半径都很接近、也决定了它们彼此性质类似，以致难以分离、也使第Ⅷ族中第五周期的钌、铑、钯和第六周期的锇、铱、铂在性质上极为相似，因而称这六个元素为铂系元素。

The Pd-Cu/C catalysts were shown to have the face centered cubic crystal structure. This could indicate that the addition of Cu shortened the Pd-Pd distances in the crystal lattice, and therefore –HO(subscript 2ads) and O-O could be better adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst. When NaBH4 was used as the reducing agent, and the atomic ratio of Pd to Cu was 3:1, the resulting catalysts had an average particle size of 3. 4nm and showed the best catalytic performance. The electrochemical active surface are a of Pd3Cu/C was 38.9m^2/gPd and the oxidation reduction reaction activity of the Pd3Cu/C catalyst was much higher than that of the Pd/C catalyst. The electrochemical activity of the Pd3Cu/C catalyst was comparable to that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst.

结果表明：催化剂中Pd与Cu的物质的量之比与预设值相近，Pd和Cu基本被全部还原；Pd-Cu/C催化剂为面心立方结构，元素铜的加入使催化剂的Pd-Pd间距缩小，从而HO(下标 2 ads)和OO键能更好地吸附在催化剂金属表面；当采用NaBH4为还原剂，Pd与Cu物质的量比为3：1时，催化剂(Pd3Cu/C)的平均粒径为3.4 nm，催化剂的催化性能最好，电化学活性表面积EAS达到38.9平方公尺/gPd，电化学性能较Pd/C催化剂有很大提高，接近Pt/C商用催化剂。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。