缘间的

Discussions are given of the fate of Ms2 during translocation in the hexoploid triticale, the exchange of the names for 4A and 4B chromosomes in common wheat and the possible expoitation of the new locus Ms2 (4BS), and the following speculations are made: In geneic genes of allopolyploid organisms the donor chromosomes tend to be intergenomically translocated to their phylogically and evolutionarily close chromosomes with the same order number and the same arm; it is cofirmed that the 7th International Conference of Wheat Genetics was right to exchange the names between chromosomes 4A and 4B of common wheat in 1988; and as a new genetic marker and a breeding tool for all the chromosome B-carrying species in the tribe of Tritceae, Ms2 (4BS) may have wide application in building and expanding the gene pool of germplasm resources of various species of wheat.

对 Ms2基因在六倍体小黑麦与原太谷核不育小麦远缘杂交中易位时的走向，普通小麦4A与4B染色体的互换更名以及 Ms2(4BS)新位点的开发利用进行了讨论：认为异源多倍体生物核基因的组间易位倾向于从供体染色体向进化亲缘关系较密切，且染色体序数与染色体臂相同的部分同源染色体易位；1988年第7届国际小麦遗传学会对普通小麦4A与4B染色体的互换更名是正确的； Ms2(4BS)作为一个新型的遗传标记，作为小麦族内所有携带B染色体组的物种的育种工具和在拓建各类小麦种质资源的基因库等方面均有广泛的用途。

According to the habitat types, weed species can be induced into 5 species groups. In the edge habitat, species were almost perennials which can endure dankness. In abandoned habitat with debris, species were tall perennials of Compositae. In abandoned habitat with soil, species were almost annuals which can endure leanness. Short-lived species appeared in spring in the habitat with human disturbance taking no care of environment effects. Species which can endure trampling were prostrate perennials

林下—林缘型种组所包含的物种多是多年生耐阴湿物种；废弃空地型种组所包含的物种多是多年生菊科高茎草；废弃空地型所包含的物种多是一年生耐贫瘠物种，亦有草质藤本葎草；春季短寿命型种组所包含的物种多是冬季一年生物种，在春季短时间占据生境，不能很好地体现生境特征；耐践踏型种组所包含的物种多是多年生匍匐、耐践踏物种。

Fog creeping into the cabooses of collier-brigs; fog lying out on the yards, and hovering in the rigging of great ships; fog drooping on the gunwales of barges and small boats. Fog in the eyes and throats of ancient Greenwich pensioners, wheezing by the firesides of their wards; fog in the stem and bowl of the afternoon pipe of the wrathful skipper, down in his close cabin; fog cruelly pinching the toes and fingers of this shivering little prentice boy on deck.

雾悄悄漂进双桅运煤船的厨房；雾笼罩着船厂，盘旋在巨轮的索具上；雾垂降在驳船和小船的船舷上缘；雾漂进古格林威治跟班的眼睛和喉咙，在他们护卫们的炉边窜动着；雾挂在愤怒船长午后烟斗的烟干和烟锅上，漂进他的舱室；雾在甲板上冻得浑身发抖的小男学徒脚趾和手趾缝间肆虐地啃咬着。

The diagnostic features for the species include deep excavation on the posteroventral margin of the premaxilla, a diastema between the premaxillary and maxillary teeth, a a number of many pits and ridges on the anterolateral surface of the antorbital fossa, the posterolateral process of the parietal being long and sharply posteriorly directed, the column ar -like margin of the pterygoid process of the quadrate, the bifurcated posterior margin of the dentary, a distinctive groove posterior to the anterior carina on the medial surface of the premaxillary tooth crowns, absence of ventrolateral processes on intercentrum of t he atlas, T-shaped centrum of the first caudal in ventral view, transverse process on anterior caudals with rounded , and strongly anteroposteriorly expanded distal end, presence of two fossae separated by an oblique ridge on the lateral side of the anterior chevrons near the articular end, and pubis strongly curved psoteriorly.

这一属种的主要鉴定特征包括：前上颌骨后腹缘有一深凹、前上颌齿和上颌齿之间有一齿缺、眶前窝外表面前部有许多坑窝和脊、顶骨侧后突伸向后方、方骨的翼骨支边缘柱状、靠近前上颌齿齿冠舌面前缘有槽、环椎间椎体外腹突缺失、第一尾椎椎体腹视 T 形、前部尾椎横突远端前后向强烈扩展呈圆形、前部脉弧近端外侧面有两个被一斜脊分离的窝以及耻骨强烈向后弯曲。通过分析千禧中国鸟龙的96个骨骼学特征，发现其中21个特征支持奔龙类与鸟类的亲缘关系最近，9个特征支持奔龙类与伤齿龙类亲缘关系最近，25个特征支持奔龙类、伤齿龙类和鸟类亲缘关系较为接近。

I also realized the nature of similarity-and-continuity, and the non-permanace-and-non-nihility of all beings in the course of evolution: every individual arises and falls interdependently in a continuous way, like the foams in the river of life that flows everlastingly.

当时，我似乎感受到我和鳄鱼等爬虫类、马等哺乳类等无比的亲密关系，再次憾动"我是万物之灵"的迷执，更小心、踏实的去面对人类隐藏在深层的本性；同时也体会到生命各物种间之相似相续、不常不断的演化过程，生命个体犹如生命之亘古长流中的水泡，缘起缘灭，不生不灭。

AFLP marker technique was used to investigate the genetic relationships between 50 accessions of maize and its wild relatives including teosinte, Tripsacum and Coix With twenty one AFLP primer combinations of PstⅠ/MseⅠ, 641 AFLP amplified bands were obtained, including 586 polymorphic bands with an average of 30 52 per primer combination and the polymorphism percentage of 91 4% Cluster analysis using UPGMA method based on the data of AFLP showed that the 50 materials could be divided into...

用AFLP分子标记技术对 5 0个有代表性的玉米及其野生近缘种大刍草、摩擦禾、薏苡材料进行了遗传关系分析。利用 2 1个PstⅠ MseⅠ引物组合检出可辨认带共 6 4 1条，其中多态性带 5 86条，平均每对引物得到 30 5 2条多态性带，多态性 91 4 %。聚类分析结果表明，可以将 5 0个材料分为 3大类，与已有的玉米族分类一致，但与玉蜀黍属内的种间和种内分类存在差异，说明大刍草各种内存在较大的遗传多样性。本实验发现玉蜀黍属与摩擦禾关系比与薏苡的关系更近，但并没有发现玉米与小颖玉米亚种比与其他大刍草的遗传关系更近。

Basing on our early stage research work about collection and description of sugarcane germplasm and the aided project of Yunnan Natural Science Fund (2001 C0015Q), the wild species Erianthus fulvus, which has good characters, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, higher Brix and less chromosome number, was utilized for the first time through intergeneric hybridization with sugarcane cultivar. Its F_1 hybrids were appraised with some new techniques and methods for germplasm enhancement.

本研究在课题组考察采集和保育鉴定甘蔗野生种质资源的前期工作基础上，依托云南省自然科学基金资助项目(2001C0015Q)，首次利用具有特异优良性状(抗旱、耐寒、锤度高、染色体数目少)的蔗茅野生种与甘蔗栽培种或品种进行属间远缘杂交，扩大甘蔗遗传多样性；采用新技术、新方法对蔗茅杂种F_1代材料进行早期鉴定评价研究，筛选具有育种价值的新种质，为进一步选育生态适应性广、抗逆性强、丰产高糖的甘蔗新品种奠定物质基础。

Mm thick, pith lamellate; nodes slightly prominent. Culm sheaths gradually deciduous, green, about as long as internodes or slightly longer, leathery, sparsely setose, margins withered; auricles absent or small and circular; oral setae few, readily deciduous, erect; ligule truncate or arcuate, ca. 2 mm, glaucous, initially ciliolate; blade deflexed or reflexed, shortly triangular, base slightly constricted, apex acuminate.

逐渐脱落，绿色的竿箨，大约节间和有点长，似皮革的倍于，稀疏刚毛，空白边枯萎；叶耳无的或小和圆；口头的刚毛很少，容易落叶，直立；叶舌截断或者弧曲，约2毫米，有白霜，最初具短缘毛；叶片外折的或反折，短三角形，基部稍缢缩，先端渐尖。

Results Cuticular papillates,glandular hairs,peltate scales,and non-glandular hairs presented on the leaf epidermis of C.paliurus.Anomocytic stomata were confined to the lower epidermis.Large cluster crystals existed in the uppermost layer of palisade cells.Midrib included one closed vascular system and one additional vascular strand.Secondary veins are semicraspedodromous and form marginal loops,tertiary veins are percurrent,quaternary veins form orthogonal or polygonal areoles filled up by branched and freely ended veinlets.

结果青钱柳叶表皮有许多小乳突，腺毛，盾状鳞片和非腺毛表皮毛；气孔器不规则型，仅分布于下表面；靠近表皮的叶肉组织中有规律地分布含簇晶的细胞；主脉中维管组织环状，封闭，具有一个副维管束；二级脉在叶缘内分支，相互连接形成脉环，三级脉及顶型，脉间区内充满分支的自由结束的小细脉。

The modern structural pattern ofthe area consists of three synclines and three anticlines, a group of strike faults and a group of transcurrent faults, as well as some downfaulted basins; 8. The blue schist belt, which distributs at the northern part of the area, has a genetic relationship with the decollement plane between Yaolinghe Group and Doushantuo Formation.

晚元古代扬子板块北缘由被动大陆边缘转化为主动陆缘；7、本区的现存构造格局，由近东西向的三个复式向斜加三个复式背斜，一组走向断裂加一组横向断裂以及若干断陷盆地构成；8、本区北部的蓝闪石类矿物成带分布与耀岭河群与陡山沱组之间的层间滑脱面有关；一百五十多个白云母b。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。