缘间的

The decomposition of chromosome was a main problem in construction of BAC library. DNA discompose would be avoided or decreased by adjustments of component and pH of chromosome extraction buffer or pre-electrophoresis for 6-8h before digestion. Identification of inter-species hybrids was a necessary step for creating a new germplasm. Two samples were selected from offspring of hybridization and backcross of a cross between cabbage and Chinese cabbage.

鉴定种间杂种是利用远缘杂交创造新种质时的一项重要工作，本研究运用细胞核DNA含量流式测定技术，对甘蓝和白菜杂交及回交各世代的DNA含量进行检测，以监控遗传物质在不同材料间的流向，并从回交二代植株群体中筛选了两个材料，具有和白菜差异不显著的DNA含量，可推断其为核质杂种。

The research advances in genetic relationships of peach germplasm, including the morphologic, cytology, palynology, biochemistry and DNA molecular markers, were reviewed in this paper. The actuality, prospect and urgent problems of peach germplasm resources were also discussed. To further study the genetic relationships of wildness, sib wildness and cultivar groups of peach, we may resort on genetic markers and DNA sequence analysis in addition to morphological characters.

本文从形态学、细胞学、孢粉学、生物化学及DNA分子标记等几个方面综述了桃种质资源亲缘关系的研究进展，探讨了桃种质资源亲缘关系的研究现状、前景及尚需解决的问题，并就进一步开展桃种质资源亲缘关系的研究进行了分析，提出桃种质野生种、近缘野生种厦不同栽培品种群间的分子系统学关系是今后研究的重点。

The authors proposed that heterochromatin change in genome might play an important role in balancing the germplasms between maize and its distant relatve after cross and parthenocarpy.

这种变异不仅存在于表型不稳定的早代孤雌系中，而且还存在于表型稳定的高代系中，造成这种变异的原因可能是因为远缘种质的引入影响到遗传平衡进而引起染色体发生结构重排并引起染色质的变化，这种变化与玉米染色体组中非同源染色体间存在的同源片段和因此造成的减数分裂过程中非同源染色体配对有着直接的关系。

Hybrization was considered to be main reason for the speciation of Chinese Epimedium.

本论文还就分子特征得出的一些近缘种间的关系进行了讨论，认为杂交是中国种类物种形成的主要原因。

Has also been considered during the revision.More than 1,100 specimens from 11 herbaria worldwide have been examined. After having studied the characteristics, phenology and ecological habit, we have gotten the morphological figures of each species. The characteristics of the disputed species have been studied in detail and have been quantitatively analyzed though scatter-map.

查阅和借阅了2个国家11个标本馆1100余份南五味子属标本，对世界范围的南五味子属种类作了整理，描绘了每个种的性状特征、物候期、生态习性，绘出了形态线描图，讨论了与其近缘属种间的关系；对在分类学上有争议的种类进一步进行解剖和测量，详细记录枝、叶、花、果实、种子等的形状、大小、数目、颜色、毛被等数据或信息，绘制散点图，对各种性状作定量研究，进行分析、归纳与分类。

Leaves opposite , very rarely stipulate, petiolate, entire, leathery to papery, usually glabrous; secondary veins usually prominent, numerous to few, oblique to perpendicular to midvein; tertiary veins reticulate, with adaxial brownish transvenous resin canals and abaxial linear or intervenous translucent glands; petiole often with basal liguliform appendage.

叶对生 ，极少具托叶，具叶柄，全缘，革质到纸质，通常无毛；次脉通常突出，许多对很少，偏斜到与中脉垂直；第三脉网状，具正面带褐色的transvenous树脂道并且背面线形或脉间的半透明的腺体；叶柄通常具基生舌状的附属物。

Inflorescence a racemose panicle, initially terminal to leafy shoot; spikelets 3–7, 2.5–4.3 cm, rachilla internodes 3–4 mm, white-gray setose, apex densely white-gray ciliate; florets 3–7, terminal one sterile.

花序一种总状的圆锥花序，对叶状枝最初顶生；小穗3-7，2.5-4.3厘米，小穗轴节间3-4毫米，白色灰色具刚毛，浓密白色灰色具缘毛的先端；小花3-7，顶生的那个不育。

Leaf sheaths longer than internodes, glabrous or pilose, one margin ciliate; leaf blades linear, 11–20 cm × 2–5 mm, glabrous or pilose, margins scabrid, apex finely acuminate; ligule ca. 0.5 mm. Panicle loosely contracted, narrowly elliptic in outline, 10–17 cm; central axis and branches scabrid-hispidulous; branches narrowly ascending, 3–6 cm, loosely spiculate; pedicels scabrid.

节间的叶鞘长于，无毛或具柔毛，一边缘具缘毛；叶片线形，11-20厘米×毫米，无毛或具柔毛，粗糙的边缘，好渐尖的先端；大约0.5毫米圆锥花序的叶舌松弛收缩，轮廓的狭椭圆形，10-17厘米；粗糙主轴线和分枝具短硬毛；狭上升的分枝，3-6厘米，松弛细刺；花梗粗糙。

Leaf sheaths glabrous; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 3–6 × 0.3–0.7 cm, glabrous, apex acuminate; ligule rounded, tonguelike, ca. 1.5 mm. Racemes paired, 2–5 cm; rachis internodes thick, outer angle ciliate with long hairs, inner angles shortly ciliate or glabrous.

叶鞘无毛；叶片线形披针形 3-6 * 0.3-0.7 厘米，无毛，先端渐尖；叶舌绕行，舌状，大约配对的1.5毫米外消旋体，2-5厘米；不久的轴节间的厚，外部的角纤毛的具长毛，内部角具缘毛或无毛。

Spikelets weakly laterally compressed, florets 2 to several, disarticulating above glumes and between florets; rachilla internodes slender, usually 1/3–1/2 length of lemma; glumes shorter than lowest lemma, 1–3-veined; floret callus truncate, glabrous or bearded; lemmas papery, 3(–5)-veined, glabrous, apex acute; palea almost as long as lemma, keels ciliolate or glabrous.

小穗身体虚弱的侧面压扁，小花2到数枚，高于颖片脱节并且在小花之间；节间纤巧的小穗轴，通常是1/3-1/2段外稃；颖片短于最低的外稃，1-3脉；小花结茧削去，无毛或者被公然反对；纸质的外稃，3(-5)脉，无毛，先端锐尖；几乎的内稃倍于外稃，龙骨具短缘毛的或无毛。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。