缘毛

Has also been considered during the revision.More than 1,100 specimens from 11 herbaria worldwide have been examined. After having studied the characteristics, phenology and ecological habit, we have gotten the morphological figures of each species. The characteristics of the disputed species have been studied in detail and have been quantitatively analyzed though scatter-map.

查阅和借阅了2个国家11个标本馆1100余份南五味子属标本，对世界范围的南五味子属种类作了整理，描绘了每个种的性状特征、物候期、生态习性，绘出了形态线描图，讨论了与其近缘属种间的关系；对在分类学上有争议的种类进一步进行解剖和测量，详细记录枝、叶、花、果实、种子等的形状、大小、数目、颜色、毛被等数据或信息，绘制散点图，对各种性状作定量研究，进行分析、归纳与分类。

Branchlets and petioles spreading hirtellous; leaf margin dentate.

小枝和叶柄开展具微糙硬毛；叶缘具牙齿。 1 M 。 puya 水丝麻

Leaf blade 2–3-pinnate; bracteoles entire fruit hispid.

叶片2-3回羽状；小苞片全缘水果具糙硬毛的。

Fruit dehiscent siliques or silicles, linear, oblong, ovoid, or ellipsoid, terete or slightly latiseptate, subsessile or long stipitate; valves veinless, glabrous or sparsely papillate, smooth or slightly torulose; replum slightly flattened; septum absent; style to 4 mm; stigma capitate, entire.

果开裂长角果或短角果，线形，长圆形，卵球形，或椭圆形，具宽隔膜的或稍，近无柄或更长；裂爿无脉，无毛或疏生，平滑或有点；假隔膜稍扁平；隔膜无；花柱到4毫米；柱头头状，全缘。

Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear, latiseptate, sessile or shortly stipitate; valves papery, with a distinct midvein, sparsely pubescent basally when young, torulose; replum rounded; septum complete, membranous, translucent, veinless; style to 1 mm; stigma capitate, entire.

果开裂长角果，线形，，无柄或具短柄；纸质的裂爿，具一离生中脉，疏生短柔毛幼时基部，近念珠状；假隔膜绕行；隔膜完成，膜质，半透明，无脉；花柱到1毫米；柱头头状，全缘。

Leaves opposite , very rarely stipulate, petiolate, entire, leathery to papery, usually glabrous; secondary veins usually prominent, numerous to few, oblique to perpendicular to midvein; tertiary veins reticulate, with adaxial brownish transvenous resin canals and abaxial linear or intervenous translucent glands; petiole often with basal liguliform appendage.

叶对生 ，极少具托叶，具叶柄，全缘，革质到纸质，通常无毛；次脉通常突出，许多对很少，偏斜到与中脉垂直；第三脉网状，具正面带褐色的transvenous树脂道并且背面线形或脉间的半透明的腺体；叶柄通常具基生舌状的附属物。

Leaves opposite, petiolate; leaf blade pubescent on both surfaces, secondary veins 2 or 3(or 4) on each side of midvein, margin entire.

叶对生，具叶柄；叶片两面被短柔毛，次脉在中脉两边各2或者3(或者4)，边缘全缘。

Petiole nearly as long as leaf blade; leaf blade broadly elliptic, ovate, or suborbicular, 0.5-1.5 × 0.4-0.9 cm, stellate hairy, base cuneate-attenuate, margin entire, apex rounded, mucronulate; midvein obscure.

叶柄近等长叶片；叶片宽椭圆形，卵形，或近圆形， 0.5-1.5 * 0.4-0.9 厘米，星状毛，渐狭的基部楔形，边缘全缘，先端圆形，具小短尖；中脉不明显。

Basal leaves numerous, petiolate; blade long-ovate to oblong, 3-pinnatisect; pinnae shortly petiolulate; ultimate segments linear, entire, margins narrowly reflexed, apex acute, both surfaces glabrous.

基生叶多数，具叶柄；叶片长卵形到长圆形，3回羽状全裂；羽片具短的小叶柄；末回裂片线形，全缘，边缘狭，先端锐尖，两面无毛。

Spikelets protogynous, strongly laterally compressed, floret 1, falling entire from pedicel; rachilla extension absent; glumes equal,± equaling and enclosing floret, broadly lanceolate to oblong, membranous to thinly leathery, prominently 3-veined, strongly keeled, keel usually ciliate, infrequently winged, lower margins almost free or connate for up to half their length, apex obtuse, acute or shortly awned; lemma broadly lanceolate to ovate, usually thinly membranous, keeled, obscurely 5-veined, smooth, glabrous, lower margins often connate, awned from lower back, apex truncate to acute; awn straight when short or geniculate when longer, column smooth, usually twisted at maturity, bristle scabrid; palea absent or very small.

雌蕊先熟的小穗，强烈侧面压扁，小花1，从花梗那里变为全缘；小穗轴扩展缺席；颖片等长，多少等长和包围小花，宽披针形的到长圆形，膜质到薄革质，显著3脉，强烈龙骨状，外稃宽披针形的到卵形，直的芒什么时候短或者膝曲长时间，顺利的柱子，通常成熟时扭曲，粗糙的硬毛；内稃缺席或者很小。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。