编码的

Arithmetic Coding is a highly effective entropy coding. But, its indivisibility obstructs its flexible application.

算术编码是一种高效的熵编码，但是算术编码的非分组性阻碍了算术编码的灵活应用。

The Baseline Profile supports intra and inter-coding (using I-slices and P-slices) and entropy coding with context-adaptive variable-length codes. The Main Profile includes support for interlaced video, inter-coding using B-slices, inter coding using weighted prediction and entropy coding using context-based arithmetic coding. The Extended Profile does not support interlaced video or CABAC but adds modes to enable efficient switching between coded bitstreams (SP- and SI-slices) and improved error resilience.

基本档次支持帧内和帧间编码及自适应上下文变长编码的熵编码；主要档次支持交替视频，使用B条带的帧间编码，使用加权预测的帧间编码，使用基于上下文的算术编码的熵编码；扩展档次不支持交替视频或CABAC熵编码，但增加了一种模式允许有效的交换编码的位流，即SI、SP帧，并改进了错误恢复机制。

The main work and innovation1 In general , a image compression method has different effect to different image . Some are fit for image which has much high frequency . Some are fit for image which has much low frequency .This paper analysis the applicability of fractal algorithm . In this dissertation , an improved algorithum is given . The basic algorithum without eight change and the joint use of quantitative coding , The compression ratio and PSNR can be adjusted , and it can get more quickly speed of coding .2 To a group of exact fractal code , the decoding image can be any resolution .With this characteristic ,choose the proper domain block and range block,this paper get an algorithum which can get higher decoding PSNR and speed than the basic fractal algorithum.3 Give a new method to calculate the scale factor . The calculation of basic algorithum is complex and enormous . The factor of scale is an important variable of the basic algorithm. Now there are two methods to calculate the factor of scale .A new method was given to calculate the factor of scale. The calculation load and complexity are reduced by the new method. Compared with the basic algorithm , the method can reduce coding time.4 The basic fractal algorithum is based on the Collage theorem and contraction mapping theorem . A mathematic model based on basic fractal algorithum is given .

本文的主要工作及创新点主要包括以下几点：1一般情况下，一种图像压缩的方法对不同特点的图像，压缩效果会有所不同，本文利用分形压缩编码对不同特点的图像进行编码，分析了分形编码对不同图像的编码适用性，利用去掉8种变换的分形编码算法与简单的均匀量化编码方案相结合，得到了一种可以调节压缩比与解码质量的分形编码方案，该提高编码速度6倍以上。2分形编码的特点之一是分形解码的分辨率无关性，即对于一组分形编码可以将其解码到任意分辨率下，本文利用分形编码的这一特点，结合不同的量化编码方案，选择合适的定义域块与值域块及适当的编解码分辨率，得到了一种提高解码质量，编码速度提高12倍以上的加速算法。3比例因子是基本分形算法中的一个重要变量，目前有两种计算比例因子的方法，文中给出了一种新的求比例因子的方法，该方法简化了求比例因子的计算，从整体上减小了基本分形算法的计算量，简化了算法4分形压缩的数学基础是不动点定理与拼贴定理，本文根据基本的自动分形编码方法，建立数学模型对其进行推导，得到了用普通数学的极限理论解释分形编码的数学表达式，从而对由基本分形编码得到的解码图像中的像素点的值给出了确定的表达式。

In search of databases, the deduced products of sanP, sanQ, sanR, sanS, sanT and sanU show highest similarity to those of nikP2, nikQ, nikR, nikS, nikT and nikU of S. tendae respectively. In comparison with the proteins of identified function, it is indicated that sanP encodes a thioesterase, sanQ encodes a cytochrome P450, sanR encodes a uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, sanS encodes a carboxylase, sanT encodes a histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase and sanU encodes a mutase.

在蛋白数据库中比较结果表明，sanP、sanQ、sanR、sanS、sanT和sanU基因编码的蛋白分别和唐德链霉菌的尼可霉素生物合成基因nikP2、nikQ、nikR、nikS、nikT、nikU六个基因编码的蛋白同源性最高；根据和已知功能蛋白的比较，推测sanP基因编码的是硫酯酶，sanQ基因编码的是细胞色素P450，sanR基因编码的是尿嘧啶磷酸核糖转移酶，sanS基因编码的是羧化酶，sanT基因编码的是组氨醇磷酸氨基转移酶，sanU基因编码的是一种变位酶。

Part 1: On image compression coding 1 Based on human visual property, we present a rhomb-partitioning fractal image compression coding, discuss fractal image coding of fixed-size rhomb partitioning and adaptive rhomb partitioning.

第一部分是有关图象压缩编码的： 1基于人眼的视觉特性，提出了基于菱形分割的分形图象压缩编码方法，讨论了固定菱形块分割图象·自适应菱形块分割图象的分形图象压缩编码问题，实验结果表明菱形块分割图象比方块分割图象更有效地抑制"块效应"，重建图象质量明显提高，但编码时间较长。

The method of the invention comprises the steps as follows: step 1: each frame of image is divided into N areas according to the sequence of coding and the bit flow length of each area after coding is recorded; step 2: according to the comparison result between the bit flow length of the coded area and a prearranged gate limit, the number of non-zero DCT coefficients of non-coded areas allowed in the coding process is adjusted.

本发明提供一种码率控制方法及控制装置，方法包括：步骤一、对于每帧图象，都按照编码的先后顺序划分为N个区域，并记录每个区域编码后的码流长度；步骤二、根据已编码区域的码流长度与预定门限的比较结果，来调整未编码区域在编码过程中所允许的非零DCT系数的个数。

The nature of data redundance in image and the fundamental approaches to compression are analyzed briefly.

提出和讨论了算术编码的分析性质，包括算术编码的区间套性质、算术编码的收敛性以及串的算术编码数和算术编码映射的概念。

A method for rewriting onto a disk medium capable of being rewritten a limited number of times, comprises the steps of: encoding as data blocks all programs to be recorded; writing any encoded program onto a track on the disk medium as a given sequence of encoded data blocks; and, precessing along the track when overwriting the given sequence of encoded data blocks with a subsequent sequence of encoded data blocks.

一种用于写入和重写到能够被重写仅仅有限次数的盘媒体上的按照本发明方案的方法，包括步骤：将要记录的所有节目编码为数据块；将任何编码的节目的至少一部分写入到所述盘媒体上的轨道上作为所述编码的数据块的给定的序列；和当以编码的数据块的后续序列重写所述的编码的数据块的给定的序列时，沿着所述轨道旋进。

The combinatorial coding number of 64 codons to encode 20 amino acids and the terminate code is very huge.

用N个密码子对m个编码对象进行编码的编码格式是m元N维空间中的一个顶点。64个密码子对20种氨基酸和终止密码子进行编码格式的组合编码数是一个十分巨大的数字。

The video coding method includes the steps of dividing input frames into one final low-pass frame and at least one high-pass frame through a motion compensated temporal filtering, coding the final low-pass frame and then decoding the coded final low-pass frame, re-estimating the high-pass frame by using the decoded final low-pass frame, and coding the re-estimation high-pass frame.

所述视频编码方法包括以下步骤：通过运动补偿时域滤波将输入帧划分为一个最终低通帧和至少一个高通帧；对最终低通帧编码并随后对编码的最终低通帧进行解码；通过使用解码的最终低通帧重估所述至少一个高通帧；以及对重估的高通帧编码。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。