维管束鞘

In situ hybridization and immunolocalization of leaf sections showed that g-ECS and GSH-S transcripts and proteins were found in both the bundle sheath and the mesophyll cells under optimal conditions.

原位杂交和免疫组化定位显示叶节该国精英和GSH硫转录和蛋白中发现的维管束鞘和叶肉细胞最佳条件。

Further comparison of the vascular bundle sheath sclerenchyma cell deterioration in separate plants infected with an additional four CTV isolates, CTV-2, T-TX8, T-TX9 and T-TX24 showed that there were significant differences in scleranchyma cell deterioration in principal lateral vein, midvein, petiole, and healthy control with all four CTV isolates (P=0.000 1, F=80.60, df= 47). Healthy plants had no such sclerenchyma cell deterioration.

CTV-2、T-TX8、T-TX9 、T-TX24等另外4个柑橘速衰病毒株系分别侵染后，主支脉、中脉、叶柄维管束鞘厚壁细胞的衰退与对照差异显著(P=0.000 1， F=80.60， df= 4，7)，健康植株厚壁细胞没有退化。

Using X-ray microanalysis to determine the ion levels in a bulliform cell inepidermis, a mesophyll cell and a vascular bundle sheath cell of four reed ecotypes.

采用X射线微区分析技术测定了四种生态型芦苇的叶表皮泡状细胞、叶肉细胞和叶脉维管束鞘细胞离子的含量。

The major results of this proposal are as follows:(1) ABA induces a rapid, substantial accumulation of apoplastic H2O2 in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of maize leaves, and the accumulation of apoplastic H2O2 is involved in the induction of the chloroplastic and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes.(2) ABA-induced H2O2 production activates a 46 kDa MAPK, which in turn induces the expression of antioxidant genes and up-regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The activation of MAPK also enhances H2O2 production, forming a positive amplification loop.(3) Water stress also induces the activation of a 46 kDa MAPK, which is dependent on the accumulation of ABA and H2O2 production induced by water stress and involved in the up-regulation of the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymes.(4) ABA-induced H2O2 production mediates NO generation, which in turn activates a 46 kDa MAPK and results in the up-regulation in the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in ABA signaling. NO-independent signaling is also involved in ABA- and H2O2-induced antioxidant defense.

本项目的主要研究结果如下：（1）ABA诱导的H2O2产生主要出现在叶肉细胞与维管束鞘细胞的质外体中，质外体H2O2的积累能够上调叶绿体与细胞溶质中抗氧化酶的活性；（2）ABA诱导的H2O2产生活化一个46kDa的MAPK，由此而导致编码抗氧化防护酶基因的表达与酶活性的上调；而MAPK的活化也能增强H2O2的产生，从而形成一个正的反馈调节环；（3）水分胁迫也能诱导一46kDa MAPK活化，这一MAPK活化依赖于水分胁迫诱导的ABA积累以及H2O2的产生，同时参与水分胁迫诱导的抗氧化防护基因的表达与抗氧化酶活性的上调；（4）ABA诱导一个依赖于H2O2的NO产生，NO活化一个46kDa的MAPK，从而导致抗氧化防护基因的表达以及抗氧化酶活性的上调；同时一个不依赖于NO的信号转导途径也存在于ABA诱导的抗氧化防护过程中。

In these chloroplasts carbon dioxide combines with phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetic acid, which is transported to the bundle sheath cells, where the carbon dioxide is released, then fixed by the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase to form glycerate 3-phosphate, the first step in the Calvin cycle.

在叶肉细胞的叶绿体中二氧化碳与磷酸烯醇丙酮酸结合形成草酰乙酸，后被运到邻近的维管束鞘细胞，在那里二氧化碳被释放，后被核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶固定形成3－磷酸甘油酸，这是卡尔文的循环第一步。

Grass leaf with Kranz anatomy --- C4 plant 有花环结构的禾草 Two bundle sheathsOuter one is parenchymatous; inner is a mestome sheath ??

用C4植物来表示。其维管束鞘只有1层细胞，有花环形结构，是高效光合作用植物，如玉米、高梁、甘蔗以及桑科的一些种类。C4植物能把叶肉细胞中所放出的CO2能被再次利用。

CaMK was mainly accumulated in vascular bundle sheath cells of leaves and highly expressed in lateral root primordia and root tips. But the kinase was under detectable in other regions.

在营养器官中钙调素激酶主要分布于叶的维管束鞘细胞、侧根原基和根尖等部位，而其它部位没有检测到明显的分布。

Misalignment of grana thylakoid margins of nectarine leaves also was seen in weak light. The sieve pores of SEs were obstructed in weak light.

在弱光下，邻近维管束鞘细胞的叶肉细胞内积累了大量的淀粉粒和少量的线粒体。

Electro microscope analysis showed that NO promoted the chloroplast development, as indicated by increased number and size of chloroplast in both the mesophyll cell and bundle sheath cell of the leaves, and well-developed stroma lamellae and grana as well as increased numbers.

电镜观察结果证实，NO促进了玉米叶片叶肉细胞和维管束鞘细胞中叶绿体的发育，叶绿体数量增多且体积增大，基质片层和基粒数量明显增多且结构完好。

To elucidate the biological structure basis of transgenic rice plants expressing maize PEPC gene with high photosynthesis efficiency, PEPC transgenic rice and its wild type with at 3 leaves seedling stage were treated under 1000 μmol/(m^2s) light intensity for 100 min, respectively, and those under 200 μmol/(m^2s) light as the control. The structure of mesophyll cells, bundle sheath and thylakoids of the second blade were observed with a transmission electron microscope.

为了阐明转玉米PEPC基因水稻高光效的结构基础，以转玉米PEPC基因水稻和未转基因原种为试验材料，在水稻的三叶期，施以100min，1000μmol/的高光强处理，以200μmol下的水稻为对照，运用透射电镜观察叶肉细胞、维管束鞘以及叶绿体内类囊体片层结构。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了