维管束

Microscopic observation on anther development process of cytoplasmic male sterile line"1815A"showed that its anther development was inhibited at the stage of archesporial cell differentiation.

以1815A不育系对应的保持系1815B作对照，对不育系进行细胞学观察，结果表明：随着花蕾的发育，败育的雄蕊一直处于孢原细胞时期，不能形成花粉囊并产生花粉母细胞，但雌蕊和维管束组织发育正常。

A plant of the Bryophyta, a division of photosynthetic, chiefly terrestrial, nonvascular plants, including the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

苔藓植物苔藓植物门的植物，需要光合作用的多为陆生的非维管束植物的一支，包括苔藓、地钱和金鱼藻

"Bryophyte:a plant of the Bryophyta, a division of photosynthetic, chiefly terrestrial, nonvascular plants, including the moss es, liverworts, and hornworts."

苔藓植物：苔藓植物门的植物，需要光合作用的多为陆生的非维管束植物的一支，包括苔藓、地钱和金鱼藻。

Using X-ray microanalysis to determine the ion levels in a bulliform cell inepidermis, a mesophyll cell and a vascular bundle sheath cell of four reed ecotypes.

采用X射线微区分析技术测定了四种生态型芦苇的叶表皮泡状细胞、叶肉细胞和叶脉维管束鞘细胞离子的含量。

During vascular development, the meristematic cambial cells divide down their long axis in a highly orientated manner to generate clear files of cells.

在维管束的发育中，形成层细胞高度方向性地以分割长轴的方式分生产生明显的细胞队列。

There were only 94 vascular plant species, belonging to 50 family and 75 genera. The dominant species in the communities were deciduous broadleaf species Liquidambar formosana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima, Acer buergerianum, and Celtis sinensis, evergreen broadleaf species Cinnamomum camphora and Elaeocarpus glabripetalus, and Phyllostachys heterocycla. Robinia pseudoacacia+Cinnamomum camphora community had the highest Shannon-Wiener index (1757) and Phyllostachys heterocycla+Acer buergerianum community had the highest Simpson index (0163), but no consistency was observed between the curves of H and D. For vertical structure, most communities had no significant understory stratification.

结果表明：辰山植物区系以泛热带和北温带占优势，具有典型亚热带和温带成分交汇和南北植物分布交错特征；但保育区内种类单一，维管束植物仅有49科69属94种；主要群落是以枫香、刺槐、臭椿、三角枫和朴树等为优势树种的落叶阔叶林，以香樟和秃瓣杜英等为优势树种的常绿阔叶林，以及毛竹林；物种多样性普遍较低，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高为刺槐+香樟群落（1.757），Simpson均匀度指数最高值为毛竹+三角枫群落（0.163）；多样性指数曲线和均匀度指数曲线不具有一致性的变化趋势；多数群落垂直结构中无明显林下分层现象；演替前期的落叶乔木种群后续个体不足。

The major results of this proposal are as follows:(1) ABA induces a rapid, substantial accumulation of apoplastic H2O2 in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of maize leaves, and the accumulation of apoplastic H2O2 is involved in the induction of the chloroplastic and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes.(2) ABA-induced H2O2 production activates a 46 kDa MAPK, which in turn induces the expression of antioxidant genes and up-regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The activation of MAPK also enhances H2O2 production, forming a positive amplification loop.(3) Water stress also induces the activation of a 46 kDa MAPK, which is dependent on the accumulation of ABA and H2O2 production induced by water stress and involved in the up-regulation of the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymes.(4) ABA-induced H2O2 production mediates NO generation, which in turn activates a 46 kDa MAPK and results in the up-regulation in the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in ABA signaling. NO-independent signaling is also involved in ABA- and H2O2-induced antioxidant defense.

本项目的主要研究结果如下：（1）ABA诱导的H2O2产生主要出现在叶肉细胞与维管束鞘细胞的质外体中，质外体H2O2的积累能够上调叶绿体与细胞溶质中抗氧化酶的活性；（2）ABA诱导的H2O2产生活化一个46kDa的MAPK，由此而导致编码抗氧化防护酶基因的表达与酶活性的上调；而MAPK的活化也能增强H2O2的产生，从而形成一个正的反馈调节环；（3）水分胁迫也能诱导一46kDa MAPK活化，这一MAPK活化依赖于水分胁迫诱导的ABA积累以及H2O2的产生，同时参与水分胁迫诱导的抗氧化防护基因的表达与抗氧化酶活性的上调；（4）ABA诱导一个依赖于H2O2的NO产生，NO活化一个46kDa的MAPK，从而导致抗氧化防护基因的表达以及抗氧化酶活性的上调；同时一个不依赖于NO的信号转导途径也存在于ABA诱导的抗氧化防护过程中。

The origin and evolution of the vascular system of the flower in Commelina communis and the taxa concerned were discussed in this paper.

文中对鸭跖草及其有关类群的花部维管束系统的来源及演变进行了比较、讨论。

Vascular bundles of the pedicel in flower of Commelina communis were scattered within central fundamental tissues.

鸭跖草花梗顶部的维管束分布在中央的基本组织内。

The two disease-resistance genes chitinase and glucanase,which were respectively directed by commelina yellow mottle virus promoter and CaMV35S promoter,were introduced into cotton genome via Agrobacterium tumefaciens .

通过根癌杆菌介导法，将维管束特异启动子(竹节花黄斑病毒启动子CoYMV)启动的几丁质酶和CaMV3 5S启动的β 1，3 葡聚糖酶嵌合双价基因，导入陆地棉品种冀合 3 2 1和中棉所 3 5。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。