维数

By the end of 2005, SiWu has made achievements of the seismic acquisitions of 154,200 kilometers in 2D and 4807.75 square kilometers in 3D, 110,000 square kilometers in gravitational, magnetic, and electrical surveying, over 900 promising regional structures and traps, over 500 wellsite recommendations and hundreds of exploration reports.

截至2005年年底，第四物探大队共完成二维地震15.42万剖面千米，三维地震4807.75平方千米，重、磁、电勘探11万平方千米，发现有价值局部构造和圈闭900余个，提供500余口井位建议书，提交了数百份勘探成果报告。

By the end of 2005, SiWu has made achievements of the seismic data acquisitions of 154,200 kilometers in 2D and 4807.75 square kilometers in 3D, 110,000 square kilometers in gravitational, magnetic, and electrical surveying, over 900 promising regional structures and traps, over 500 wellsite recommendations and hundreds of exploration reports.

截至2005年年底，第四物探大队共完成二维地震15.42万剖面千米，三维地震4807.75平方千米，重、磁、电勘探11万平方千米，发现有价值局部构造和圈闭900余个，提供500余口井位建议书，提交了数百份勘探成果报告。

By the end of 2005, the No.4 Brigade has made achievements of the seismic acquisitions of 154,200 kilometers in 2D and 4807.75 square kilometers in 3D, 110,000 square kilometers in gravitational, magnetic, and electrical surveying, over 900 promising regional structures and traps, over 500 wellsite recommendations and hundreds of exploration reports.

截至2005年年底，第四物探大队共完成二维地震15.42万剖面千米，三维地震4807.75平方千米，重、磁、电勘探11万平方千米，发现有价值局部构造和圈闭900余个，提供500余口井位建议书，提交了数百份勘探成果报告。

By time-varying filtering, we realize the signal selectivity and interference suppression, especially for the signals with time-varying power spectrum. It is shown herein that conventional eigenstructure based methods are lower dimensional special case of the time-frequency subspace fitting method. The closed-form array response estimation algorithms for blind source separation in wireless communication is also developed in the dissertation by exploiting the data structure of second-order statistics of the array output in the presence of multipath. The proposed method achieves array response estimation with little constraint on signal property and propagation environment such as scatters or angular spread. Moreover, the array utilized here can be of arbitrary geometry and even uncalibrated. Since the closed-form solution is obtained, no misconvergency may occur and large amount of computation can be saved. The equivalent feed model and corresponding optimization designation are proposed to realize the downlink multi-user selective transmission. By coherent and non-coherent superposition of the electromagnetical field, multiple beams can be formed using a single array, so that each co-channel user signal is transmitted in each beam and will not interfered with each other. The proposed system scheme implements the digital beamforming and the channel allocation in the base band, therefore is suitable for the utilization of the radio software technology. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are proved by the RF experiment.

在窄带条件下，GSC－SSF方法还可以提高阵列的虚拟孔径，从而提高估计的性能；可以证明，Cyclic DOA 和SC-SSF方法可看作该方法的特例或近似； 3、提出了二维GSC－SSF方法和宽带谱相关DOA矩阵方法，利用信号的循环平稳特性解决了宽带条件下二维 DOA 估计问题，并具有阵元数少、计算量较小的特点； 4、提出了时频子空间拟合和宽带时频DOA估计算法，将联合时频分析的理论和方法引入到阵列信号的空间谱估计研究中，利用时变滤波实现信号选择性测向和干扰抑制，特别适合于谱时变信号；可以证明传统特征结构法可看作是时频子空间拟合方法的特例； 5、提出了多用户环境下阵列响应的估计方法——CARE方法，该方法对信号结构和传播参数（主要是散射源分布与角度散布）的约束较少，适用于各种几何结构的阵列甚至未校准的阵列，能够直接得到阵列响应的闭式解，因此计算量小、稳健性好，不存在收敛问题； 6、提出了针对多用户下行选择性发送的阵列等效激励模型、优化设计方法及其系统实现方案，通过空间场的相干叠加与非相干叠加使得单一阵列能够形成多个波束，并保证各波束内的用户信号各不相同且相互干扰最小；其系统方案具有在基带实现数字波束成形、信道分配并便于软件无线电实现的特点，其有效性已得到外场实测数据的证实。

In order to check the correctness and reliability of direct numerical simulation of the three-dimensional turbulence with the moderate or low flow Reynolds number, this paper adopts the pseudospectral method to direct numerically simulate the three-dimensional plane mixing layer.

为了验证直接数值模拟三维中低流动雷诺数湍流的正确性和可靠性，该文采用拟谱方法对三维平面混合层流场进行了直接数值模拟，并将数值模拟得到的结果与 Lasheras 等的平面混合层经典实验结果进行了对比。

Samely the conversional Reynolds number which show the flow transform from transitive state to turbulent state Reb is correlated with the structures of the fin too.

结果表明：在低雷诺数下，肋叉排列三维内肋管内的流型就由层流向过渡流转变，其转换雷诺数与肋形结构相关：Recr=3.3602-2.380-1.646-1.352-3.097。

In the fifth chapter,we study dipolarizations in some quadratic Lie algebras.Inthe first section,we obtain some results on the classification of dipolarizations in gen-eral quadratic Lie algebras,and prove that there exist dipolarizations in the solvablequadratic Lie algebras whose Cartan subalgebras consist of semisimple elements.

第五章讨论了某些二次李代数的双极化，在第一节中，我们给出了二次李代数的双极化的一些分类结果；特别证明Cartan子代数是由半单元组成的二次李代数上存在双极化，第二节确定了四维扩张Heisenberg代数的所有双极化，在第三节中，我们构造了2n+2维扩张Heisenberg代数的六类双极化，我们发现两个不同于半单李代数情形的有趣事实：（1）在扩张Heisenberg代数上同时存在对称和非对称双极化；（2）对应于扩张Heisenberg代数的双极化的特征元有的是半单的有的是幂零的。

These were raised underinducing condition to test if any morphology and structure changes. Twenty two Arabidopsismutants had various changes in morphology and anatomical structures. Twenty mutants hadlow germination rate from 10% to 60%, of which 2 had survival rates at 0% and 50%. Fivemutants occurred structure changes in the hypocotyls or stem. One of these lines, namedarris-stem, showed some unique changes: slower growth rate in comparison with the wildtype from germination to florescence; serrated margin of leaf blades, spiral rosette; morebranch in the bottom part of the stem, shorter nodes, twisted stem and branch. There were oneor several arrises along the stem. Across sections of the arrises showed one or several compactcells lumps which were round, made up of several layers of cells, looked like vascular-bundle.

在诱导条件下，这些突变体表现出不同的形态和结构的变化，共有22个表型和结构发生变化。20个突变系发芽率或存活率较低，发芽率由10％—60％，其中2个突变系存活率分别为0％和50％。5个突变系在茎或下胚轴的结构上发生变化，其中一个突变系arris-stem发生如下表型变化：从真叶出现至开花结实的整个生长期，生长速度要明显比野生型拟南芥缓慢；叶缘有明显锯齿，莲座叶呈螺旋状排列；茎的基部有较多侧枝，侧枝间距明显缩短，茎有明显扭曲；突变体茎侧面有1至数条棱形突起，内部存在一至数个排列紧密的细胞团，由多层细胞呈环形排列，细胞壁明显加厚，内部存在管状分子，推测为维管组织。

Therefore,a fast algorithm of NMF is presented.By some algebra formulation,the matrix to be factorized is changed into a low-dimension matrix which is a diagonal matrix whose dimension is related to the number of samples.Moreover the feature extraction for one sample only needs to calculate the inner product.

该算法通过代数变换，把对原高维矩阵的非负分解转换成非负的低维矩阵的非负分解，其求解过程只需要对一个阶数等于样本数的对角矩阵进行非负矩阵分解，同时提取某样本特征时只需要计算该样本与所有训练样本的内积。

Then the spatial localization of the main well-known visual neuron's receptive field models such as DOG function, LOG function, higher order derivatives of Gaussian functions and 1—D, 2—D Gabot function models is quantitatively analysed.

如对通常被作为建立模型的主要根据的&最优的空间定域性&判据的物理意义和适用性也没有得到深入的论证，而且已有的主要几类感受野模型，如DOG函数、LOG函数、高斯函数的高阶导数和一维、二维Gabor函数等模型在空间分布形态上难以准确反映系统中神经元感受野的形态和信息处理机制等等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。