维护成本

It can solve such problems in traditional systems as great intensity of labor force, low test efficiency, bad environment and low precision, and it can reduce accident rate and maintenance cost of oil pump units.

该系统可以解决传统输油泵机组测试系统中操作人员工作强度大、测试效率低、环境差、测量精度低等问题，降低输油泵机组的事故发生率和维护成本。

The mechanism of the OGFC pavement functions is fully analyzed, with a description of the mix ratio design and raw material selection, including the function and features of permeability, antiskid , noise reduction, temperature reduction, etc.

全面分析了OGFC路面的功能与作用的机理，介绍了OGFC配合比设计和原材料选择，分析了透水性、抗滑性、降噪性和降温性等功能和特点，最后也分析了耐久性差、生产成本高、维护成本高等不足。

Because digital business card printing and membership card to make the purchase cost of the device itself, use the costs, maintenance costs will determine this is a high end of input.

因为数码制卡和会员卡制作设备本身的购买成本、使用成本、维护成本决定了这是一个高端的投入。

Setting up and maintaining costing system manually and in ERP system, include standard cost, cost variance analysis etc.

建立维护成本系统，涉及手工和ERP系统。包括标准成本，成本变化分析

Uniform calculation of the whole lifecycle engineering cost is the guide-line of calculation.

全生命周期工程造价统一计算，是全生命周期工程造价管理的计算依据，可以进行初始化建设成本计算、未来运营维护成本计算，从而可以进行生命周期成本计算。

American experience is "initial cost" only to the life cycle cost 5 to 10%, and operation and maintenance costs for 60 to 80%.

美国的经验是"初期成本"只占到生命周期成本的5％至10％，而运营和维护成本占到60％至80％。

Ease of Maintenance- Interchangeability of all parts including shafts and discs simplifies service and reduces maintenance costs.

易于维护的所有光盘，包括轴和零部件互换性简化服务和降低维护成本。

The thesis based on Yellow River Diversion Project. Through the research of the existing design of the supervising system of Yellow River Diversion Project, this passage pointed out some problems hard to be dealt with as follows:(1) Owing to the dispersion of control points and remote transfers of data, it cost a lot to construct the network of the supervising system and it was hard to implement the construction.(2) The connection mode of network needed to be taken into acount. Once the configuration of network changed or the nodes increased, the supervising system needed to be reconfigured.(3) Owing to the tanglesome physical communication line, the man-made communication error happened frequently.(4) When the communication malfunction occured, it needed various engineers to check and repair the fault.(5) It cost a lot to operate and maintain the supervising system.

本文以世界银行援建项目&Yellow River Diversion Project&(引黄入晋工程，编号：0015-K81062)为背景，在对引黄入晋工程的远程监控系统进行研究分析的过程中，指出了该系统在目前采用的有线光纤和有线电缆通讯技术下难以处理的一些问题：(1)由于监控点分散且传输距离较远，有线光纤和有线电缆的网络建设成本很高，实施困难；(2)需要考虑节点之间的连接形式，一旦网络结构发生变化或节点需要扩充，监控系统便需要调整，耗费大量的人力物力；(3)由于系统庞大，通讯的物理线路较为繁乱，在建设和维护阶段容易出现人为触碰等引起的通讯故障；(4)在出现通讯故障时，需要多方人员配合进行故障检测，不仅耗费人力和物力，且不利于故障排除；(5)运行和维护成本较高，需要很多运行维护人员进行大量繁杂的工作。

The system is simple in structure, small size, use and easyinstallation, maintenance or maintenance-free low-cost, highaccuracy, non-contact infrared remote control, real-time controland data-handling capacity of the characteristics can be applied toother test systems.

该系统具有结构简单、体积小、使用和安装方便、维护成本低或免维护、精度高、无接触的红外遥控、实时控制和数据处理能力强的特点，可推广应用到其他测试系统。

The excessive cost estimated in advance can decrease the current expenses.

如果预提的产品维护成本在一定期间内超过了实际发生的产品维护成本，可从当期费用中冲回。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。