统计假设检验

The set of values of the test statistic for which the test rejects the null is the rejection region, and the values of the test statistic for which it does not reject the null is the acceptance region.

假设检验中，使得零假设被拒绝的检验统计量的取值范围称为拒绝域，使得零假设不能被拒绝的检验统计量的取值范围成为接受域。

Events,Operation and Relation of Sets, Classical Probability, Geometrical Probability , Statistical Stability of a Frequency, Axioms of Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability Theorem, Bayes' Rule,Independent Events,Independent Repeated Trials, One Dimensional Random Variables, Discrete Random Variables, Distribution Function of a Random Variables , Continuous Random Variables, Normal Distribution, Distribution of a Function of a Random Variable, Multidimensional Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function, Marginal Distribution Function,Discrete Two—Dimensional Random Variables,Continuous Two—Dimensional Random Variables, Independent Random Variables, Distribution of Functions of Random Variables,Expectation,Variance, Covariance, Coefficient of Correlation, Bivariate Normal Distribution, Law of Large Numbers, The Central Limit Theorems, Sample and Population ,Chi—Squared, T and F Distributions , Sampling Distributions , Point Estimation , Interval Estimation , Testing Hypotheses , A Test of Significance for Parameters in a Single Sample From a Normally Distributed Population , A Test of Significance for Parameters in Two Sample From Normally Distributed Populations .

本课程的主要内容：概率的概念与运算、随机变量及其分布、随机变量的数字特征与极限定理、数理统计的基本概念、估计和检验的基本方法，随机事件与概率随机事件、事件的关系与运算、几何概率、统计概率等，条件概率、全概率公式、贝叶斯公式、事件的独立性、二项概率公式，随机变量的概念、离散型随机变量、随机变量的分布函数、连续型随机变量、随机变量函数的分布，多维随机变量及其分布函数、边缘分布函数、随机变量的独立性、二维随机变量函数的分布，数学期望、方差、协方差和相关系数、大数定律、中心极限定理，总体与样本， X 2-分布、 t-分布和 F-分布，统计量及抽样分布，假设检验的基本概念、单个正态总体参数的显著性检验、两个正态总体参数的显著性检验。

The main research methods are:(1)Theory analysis:from the 2D plane geometry analysis, dots continuity characteristics are found. The first time irrational fraction algorithm is used in FM program.(2)Experiments reaearch:experiments of condition halftone function are designed under the cross-experiment principles. The first time variable information printer and C# language are used in experiment.(3)Data processing:new type digital density apparatus is used to measure data. Compare is used in processing data and error cause are explained. The main works as follows:The dot area percentage has been gained and new condition halftone function has been set up.(2)After being corrected, speed of irrational fraction algorithm has been compared with multiplicative congruence algorithm's.

本文的主要研究方法有：(1)理论分析：运用数字加网原理，从二维平面几何分析入手，借助实验验证研究网点连续特性；首次系统地把无理数取尾法随机数生成器引入到调频加网系统中，根据实验修正生成器的模型，运用统计假设检验理论，对生成的随机数序列进行统计假设检验；(2)实验研究：根据正交实验法则设计实验，首次采用可变信息印刷机(HP Laser PS印刷机)输出实验样张，克服了用传统胶印机作实验影响因素多的缺陷；采用新型数字式密度仪测量密度值，提高了数据精度；采用最新编程语言编写调频加网程序；(3)数据处理与分析：利用平均值比较法处理数据，对误差产生的原因进行讨论。

The author gives two methods to specify the scale interval by using fitting of three—broken—line as well as statistical hypothesis testing based on the estimate of the derivative of the double logarithmic curve.

由于实际动力系统的混沌吸引子其自相似性只能在一定的尺度范围内存在，文中给出了两种无标度区间的确定方法以正确地估计吸引子的分形维数，即三折线拟合方法和通过直接估计双对数曲线上每一点的导数并利用统计假设检验方法确定合理的无标度区间。

The technology for construction of the road detector from edge detectors was described, the approach based on multivariate statistical hypothesis tests was applied to information fusion of SAR images, and the extracting result from two traditional Tupin methods and that from the method proposed in this paper were compared with each other.

首先，介绍了用边缘探测器构造道路探测器的方法；然后，将多参数统计假设检验的方法应用到全极化影像的信息融合中，并将该方法提取的结果与传统Tupin法提取的结果进行了比较。

This paper points out the problems about using statistical hypothesis test, analyses the relation between two types of errors and proposes the Bayes method to the persons when they have no enough knowledge about the null hypothesis.

本文首先指出实际工作中使用统计假设检验方法常出现的问题，具体介绍了假设检验方法，并分析两种错误之间的关系。

Based on results of change detection using statistical hypothesis test,the intensity,hue and saturation in the YCbCr color space are employed to recognize and eliminate shadows and .

在一种快速动态背景图像初始化的基础上，建立了Gaussian统计背景模型；基于使用统计假设检验方法检测变化区域的结果，利用YCbCr颜色空间的亮度、颜色信息，识别和消除视频序列图像中的阴影和反光等。

In the entire mathematical statistic, hypothesis test is a very importants and valuable part, but it exists the risk of committing two kinds of errors.

在整个数理统计中，假设检验是一个很重要很有应用价值的部分，但假设检验中存在着犯两类错误的风险。

Hypothesis testing involves trying to "prove" the alternative hypothesis by disproving and rejecting the null hypothesis.

假设检验--通过检验分析统计假设。假设检验力图通过否决原假设而&证明&备择假设。

The probability distribution function and the corresponding statistical parameters of sharing ratio of internal pressure in bedrock for embedded penstocks in terms of design reference per.

根据已搜集到的国内外部分水电站地下埋管围岩内压分担率的实测数据，利用统计数学中的K-S法和A-D法等检验方法进行了统计分析和分布假设检验，求得了水电站地下埋管围岩内压分担率在设计基准期内的概率分布函数及其统计参数，证明其最优概率分布函数可用对数正态分布来拟合。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。