统治阶级

At the time when the great stones were being brought to Salisbury to build it.

考古学家倾向于认为这个人是统治阶级的一个成员

For example the German ruling class have launched a slanderous campaign against the workers of Greece.

比如，德国统治阶级已经对希腊的工人发起了一场诽谤攻击。

In medieval Europe, people were subservient to the institutions of the church and feudal hierarchies.

在中世纪欧洲，人们屈服与教堂和封建统治阶级的机构。

The landlords, the dying ruling class of China, were pervaded by premonitions of early death and were mortally afraid even while they tried to maintain their own attitude of superciliousness.

中国的地主阶级是一个垂死的统治阶级，它预感到自己的死期不远，尽管表面上还装着满不在乎的样子，心里却怕得要死。

There are four characters that can be found in this process. Firstly, it is a struggle within the political system. In other words, tenants admit the hierarchical rights of ruling class, but reject excess exploit. Secondly, the resistance has various ways, and law is a frequent resort too. Thirdly, collective resistance comes to be the most common form, wealthy peasants always act as organizers and leaders. Fourthly, tenants' resistance processes exhibits obvious different theme of demands in all phrases. Before mid and latter of 14 century, most requirements aim to reject duty beyond custom; while after, mainly to strive for cutting down the rents and tallage.

再次，文章分析了英格兰佃农抗争的四个特点，一是体制内的抗争，即佃农接受统治阶级的等级权利，反抗过度剥削；二是抗争方式多法并举，以法律手段为主；三是集体抗争逐渐成为抗争的主要组织形式，富裕佃农是抗争活动的组织者和领导者；四是抗争历程有着鲜明的时代主题，即以14世纪中后期为界，之前以抵抗领主超出惯例规定的要求为主，之后以争取减免地租捐税为主。

In the early twelfth century, as America ever was, Australia was a "New World" where there was no ruling class. By the year 1901, the Commonwealth of Australia was formed.

二十世纪早期，澳大利亚和十八世纪的美国一样：她是一个没有统治阶级的"新世界"。1901年，澳大利亚联邦组成了。

Pagans dwell forever in Limbo on the edge of Hell, suffering only the hopelessness of the unbaptized that can never reach God's presence. Yet Dante not only chose the vernacular for the Divine Comedy but also wrote a treatise in Latin urging others to follow his example. Furthermore, he modeled the style

神曲》描写了人类战胜邪恶、到达人生真善美境界和实现理想社会的故事，抨击了封建社会的精神支柱——天主教教会的各种罪恶，谴责了统治阶级的腐败和贪婪；赞美了现实生活，强调人的价值和理性的伟大，认为人对自己的命运具有不可推托的责任；提倡追求知识、反对蒙昧。

The ruling classes of the Harappa culture (c. 2500-1700 BC), or the Indus civilization, may have spoken a Dravidian language, but as long as their script remains undeciphered this cannot be proved.

哈拉帕文明（公元前2500——公元前1700），或者是印度文明的统治阶级，也许是使用一种德拉威的语言，但是只要他们的文献还没有破解，这一点也无法证实。

Statute laws of a state and customary laws of minority nationalities differ in their features and we can conclude their con flicts by examining marital phenomenon of the minority nationalities in the western villages as following:1.conflict between u-ni versal and special justice;2.conflict between the modern legal culture and traditional one;3.the conflict between"transplant -ed"law and the features of the local nationality;4.the conflict between the state's will and regional pow er.

从广义上看，"习惯法是人们公认并被视为具有法律约束力的一些习惯、惯例和通行的做法"。为了和国家制定法本质上的"国家意志、统治阶级意志"相对照，有的学者则更强调习惯法作为一种知识传统，是"生自民间，出于习惯，乃由乡民长期生活、劳作、交往和利益冲突中显现，因而具有自发性和丰富的地方色彩。"

Another major vizir was Damad Ibrahim,best known for diverting Sultan Ahmed Ⅲ(r.1703-1730)into building pleasure palaces and tulip gardens;but he also brought in European artists,commissioned Turkish translations of Western scientific works,and introduced the first Ottoman printing press.Mehmet Ragib tried in the mid-eighteenth century to better his subjects' lot through fiscal and legal reforms,while keeping the empire at peace.My point is that,even in this dark age of Ottoman history,there were sultans and vizirs who tried to bring in some light.More westernizing reformers would arise in the nineteenth century;Iwill write about them later.

此外，还有统治阶级的构件谁产奶奥斯曼制度，充实自己，而未能履行duties.but奥斯曼长寿的秘诀之一是，该系统还能够生产和苏丹vizirs谁看到腐败的改革和苏丹分别介绍reforms.amongossmanⅡ(r.1618-1622)，形成了新的尝试，以他为首的土耳其民兵被打死的janissaries； muradvⅣ(r.1623-1640)，一个强大和摔跤冠军阿彻25，000人被处决反叛单一年度学科门类；马哈茂德Ⅰ(r.1730-1754)，欧洲人首次引入新的战斗技巧，教导； selim和Ⅲ(r.1789-1807)，他介绍了综合改革计划，Nizam女士--jedid，我将在下一章节封面。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。