统治者的

Empirical evidences also showed that early nationalism had its origin in regional and blood ties. Unless a grouping was assured that the interests of its own families and communities were met, it would be difficult for them to fulfil their duties and obligations to the country. This was why when a new emperor was enthroned, he would confer titles

传统爱国主义的这种特征在当时的合理性在于，在自然经济的基础上，各地的经济联系以及与此相适应的交通能力都非常有限，因此强权政治是统治者维系国家统治的基本手段，而强权只能与任人唯亲相吻合。

From this we can see, the writer of deep national crisis into an opportunity for Britain to worry about obsession夷狄of shame, but as a historian, he emphasized the historical the continuity of their social function and embodies the history.

由于统治者上层的苟安求和以及辽、金实力的不断发展壮大，北宋在与辽、金的对峙中日渐处于劣势，最终不得不在金人的步步相逼之下退居江南，成为一个偏安的小朝廷。

Such achievements should be attributed to not only the curiousness of the members of the royal family, but also the Jin rulers' encouragement, which is the main reason.

这样的成就不仅要归功于皇族成员个人的好学上进，更主要是金朝统治者对文化学习的提倡，此外，汉族优秀的诗词创作巨人对皇族文化的产生也有很大的影响。

Relations between the two halves of the Americas are not as good as a decade ago, yet the bigger change is the disarray within Latin America itself, largely provoked by Mr Chávez and his allies (who include Fidel Castro, Cuba's communist gerontocrat).

南北美洲间的关系已不如10年之前。但更大的变化来自拉美本身由于查维斯及其盟友们（包括古巴共产党年老的统治者卡斯特罗）的挑唆而产生的混乱状态。

The period of Norman rule was its golden age, when it became the capital of the Norman kingdom of Sicily founded by King Roger II in 1130. In 1194 Germany's Hohenstaufen ruler, Frederick II took over. In 1282 a popular uprising known as the Sicilian Vespers ended the subsequent French rule.

诺曼人统治时期为巴勒摩的黄金时代，它在1130年成为国王罗杰二世建立的西西里王国的首都。1194年德国霍亨斯陶芬王朝统治者取得其统治权。1282年被称为"西西里晚祷"的民众暴动结束了法国的统治。1860年义大利爱国人士加里波底解放该城，使其成为义大利王国的一部分。

Sometimes referred to as 'the new slavery', indentureship was the system that succeeded slavery in the period after ABOLITION, supplying the PLANTOCRACY with an alternative workforce to replace the emancipated Afro-Caribbean former slaves.

契约关系有时指一种"新的奴隶制度"，是在废除奴隶制度之后的时期里，成功替代奴隶制度的体系。它提供给种植园统治者可供选择的劳动力，来取代解放的非洲-加勒比海的前奴隶。

The biggest risk, however, may be Mr Kadyrov himself. At 30, he is ruler of what Dmitri Trenin of the Carnegie Moscow Centre describes as a "medieval khanate", within a country that is still more an empire than a modern state.

然而，最大的风险可能是卡德罗夫自己。30岁的他就已是"莫斯科卡内基中心"的德米特里·特列宁所谓的一个更像帝国而非现代国家的内部"中世纪汗国"的统治者。

Towards the end of the discussion, Dorsey said that Twitter is just a tool and that it can't change any governments itself, but that it is the users who can use it to change governments.As MacManus noted during the discussion, it is people like Ai Weiwei that are using these tools effectively. One day, Ai Weiwei noted towards the end of the discussion, we won't need tools like Twitter to change our governments anymore.

在谈话的结尾，dorsey说，twitter本身只是一个工具，不可能去改变和影响政府；但是twitter的使用者，却可以利用它去改变统治者和政府。macmanus称是像艾未未这样的人让twitter发挥了真正的作用；而艾未未说，有一天，我们会不必要再用像twitter这样的东西去改变政府。

They were painted by a school of artists kept at the court of three rulers of northwestern India: Bakhat Singh, who began his reign in 1725, his son Vijai Singh and his great-grandson Maharajah Man Singh, whose long rule ended in 1843 as the British spread their imperial ambitions westwards across India.

他们都有着很深的历史背景，据历史记载，西北印度的三个统治者之一，巴克哈特辛格在1725年开始了他的统治，他的儿子威佳易辛格和他的曾孙大王曼辛格，结束于1843年，从此也结束了英国帝国向西印度各地侵略的野心。

First of all, the whole Country was my own meer Property; so that I had an undoubted Right of Dominion.

首先，整个小岛都是我个人的财产，因此，我对所属的领土拥有一种毫无异义的主权；其次，我的百姓对我都绝对臣服，我是他们的全权统治者和立法者。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。