统治者的

It is doubtless this uncompromising attitude of Confucianism towards vicious self-seeking rulers of the people that all but caused its extinction towards the end of the third century BC In the year 213 BC, the subverter of the Chow dynasty, Shi Hwang-ti, promulgated the decree that all Confucian books, excepting the "Y-king", should be destroyed.

这是毫无疑问，这不妥协的态度对儒学的恶性自我寻求统治者的人所有，但造成其灭绝年底公元前3世纪在公元前213年，在subverter的周王朝，石黄体，颁布该法令，所有儒家的书籍，除的" Y型之王"，应予以销毁。

The construction of a temple between the factory and living quarters especially attached colonial significance to this place.

特别是1931年在生产与生活两大空间的交接地带兴建神社，藉此信仰中心的转移与重塑，展现产业移民村的日本色彩，更为此封闭的生产和生活空间，增添统治者的殖民性格。

The offence charged was not that of criticising institutions, or the acts or persons of rulers, but of circulating what was deemed an immoral doctrine, the lawfulness of Tyrannicide.

条例中所指的罪行不是对制度的批评，也不是对统治者的行动或人格的批评，而是传播一种被指为不道德的教养，即认为诛弑暴君具有合法性质的教义。

However, the presence of rulers of alien faith and the withdrawal of royal patronage from the temples and Brahmanic colleges may have encouraged the spread of new, more popular forms of Hinduism.

然而，外来信仰统治者的出现，以及皇室资助人从庙宇和婆罗门学院的撤离，会鼓励新的、更加通俗形式的印度教的传播。

Pushkin is born in Moscow one on June 6 , 1799 self's family fortunes declined nobleman landlord family , a lifetime inclination revolution, dark autocracy carries out unyielding fighting with and , his thought and poem do, arouse a tsar discontenting and enmity of Russia ruler, he was once unwilling to knuckle under two degree all the time by Siberia, government's plot was planned to fall with person decisive struggle but died ultimately in the tsar, annual only 38-year-old.

普希金1799年6月6日出生于莫斯科一个家道中落的贵族地主家庭，一生倾向革命，与黑暗专制进行不屈不挠的斗争，他的思想与诗作，引起沙皇俄国统治者的不满和仇恨，他曾两度被流放，始终不肯屈服，最终在沙皇政府的阴谋策划下与人决斗而死，年仅38岁。

Because it is of the utmost necessity for the carrying out of this business that rulers of the christian people keep peace with each other, we therefore ordain, on the advice of this holy general synod, that peace be generally kept in the whole christian world for at least four years, so that those in conflict shall be brought by the prelates of churches to conclude a definitive peace or to observe inviolably a firm truce.

因为它是极其必要进行这项业务的统治者的基督教人民保持和平与对方，因此，我们注定，在这个神圣的意见一般主教会议指出，和平是一般存放在整个基督教世界的至少在四年时间内，以使那些在冲突中应提起诉讼的主教教堂缔结一项最终和平或观察inviolably坚定的停火协议。

Therefore,her legitimacy was just "personal",only if she continued to prove that she could give people a rich and happy life which an eligible ruler should do,she could make them obey her governance and respect her as the "monarchess".

因此，她的政治权力和统治合法性只是&个人式&的，只有当她持续不断地证明自己确实有能力胜任上天和民众对于一位统治者的职责要求时，她才能够使人们最终认可和接受了一位&女皇帝&的统治，并赢得了稳定的个人权威。

The benevolence doctrine of Confucianism emphasized that mankind had transcendentality compared to animal, each person had an equal humanity, people should love, be considerate of, sympathy, give assistance to each other and promote together, human and nature should also coexist in harmony, to reach the realm of public-oriented and nature-human integration finally. The propriety doctrine of Confucianism emphasized that in order to realize fairness under unfairness, rationality under irrationality, it should restrict the desires of the governors among different levels through institutions, and confine the social burden of lower level people to a certain compass. The life philosophy of Confucianism emphasized that individuals should take responsibility for the category, entry into the society actively, and make oneself outstandingly in the category.

儒家仁学强调人相对于动物具有超越性，人性人人相同，人与人应该互相关爱、相互体谅、相互同情、相互援助、共同提升，人与自然也应当和谐共处，最终达到天下为公、天人合一的境界；其礼学强调通过制度来限制不同层次统治者的欲求，把下层百姓的社会负担限定在一定范围之内，以实现不公平之下的会平，不合理之下的合理；其人生哲学强调个体应为类群担当，积极入世，在类群中出类拔萃。

We believe that the following factors decide the acceptence of a kind of ideas: First, is the lack of knowledge and the information asymmetry;second, is the individual preferences and the short-term rental maximizing behavior of the dominators; third, is the role of strong interests-groups; fourth, is the constraints of ideas from itsself .

我们认为，以下因素决定了思想的被接受性：一是，知识的缺乏和信息的不对称；二是，统治者的个人偏好和短期租金最大化行为；三是，强势利益集团的作用；四是，思想本身的制约。

The opinions of the Academics and Epicureans were of a less religious cast; but whilst the modest science of the former induced them to doubt, the positive ignorance of the latter urged them to deny, the providence of a Supreme Ruler.

学院派和伊壁鸠鲁学派的观点没有太多的宗教模型，但是，当前者谨慎的科学精神引导他们去怀疑最高统治者的旨意的时候，后者带有积极性的无知无畏促使他们去否认这些旨意。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。