统治上的

In the middle and later period of Ming Dynasty, the political system changed a lot under the influence of Confucianism, that is a part of ethnic minority deeply influenced by Confucianism began to have the political reform, that is abolishing the native chiefdom system and bringing the ethnic minorities under unified provincial administration.

在清代268年的统治中，虽然没有出现像明朝那样大规模的政府组织的移民，但由于清朝时期人口总数增大，在明朝大规模移民云南的基础上，内地与云南的交往增加，中原地区人多地少的矛盾日益突出，清朝云南矿业发达，所以，清代以各种形式进入云南的中原人口不下百万。

From the management aim made by the form of managing with law in Ming Hui Code, to the thought of severe punishment in Ming Great Law and Ming Great Admonition, to the proper adjust of lawmaking suited to the society and treating the official clemently, we can see that Ming Dynasty racks the minds scheming the methods of managing the officials .But corruption was the appraisal of Ming Dynasty of afterworld . During the whole period of Ming Dynasty especially the later stage , corruption was widely. The political factor and culture factor were the most important reason .Value view of government behalf incorporation .Economical behalf is obtained not by economical means ,but by political ones, which is not a,normal state .

从《明会典》以行政法典的形式来确立吏治目标，到《大明律》、《明大诰》重典治吏思想的提出，到明中后期《问刑条例》因时立法、情法适中、宽厚待吏的适时调整，明代统治集团在整肃吏治上可谓费尽心机，但腐败始终被后人看作明代官场的最后鉴定，整个明代尤其是中后期，贪风日盛、贿赂公行，究其原因，社会总体机制下制度性因素和文化因素是最根本的，那就是中国传统的官利一体化的价值观，当官与发财是划等号的，经济利益不是通过经济方式而是通过政治方式来解决，这本身就是一种不正常的社会状态。

The sheer size of the empire was reason enough for the Mongol collapse. It was too large for one person to administer, as Chingghis had realized, yet adequate coordination was impossible among the ruling elements after the split into khanates.

纯粹就庞大帝国的规模而言这一因素就是它崩溃的原因，正如成吉思汗所意识到的，一个人是无法管理其庞大国家的，而在分裂成为几个汗国之后，要在统治方式上找到恰当的融合点也是不可能的。

This ancient bridge in the Bosnian city near the German Weishenge Delhi to the river, was founded in 1566, built in 1571, the then Bosnia-Herzegovina is in the rule of the Ottoman Empire, and the bridge is the link in the current Sarajevo's Ottoman Empire Division and the Turkish Empire in the Balkans control of the other cities along main traffic routes.

这座古桥位于波黑城市维什格来德附近的德里那河上，始建于1566年，建成于1571年，当时的波黑正处于奥斯曼帝国统治之下，而该桥则是连接位于目前萨拉热窝的奥斯曼帝国分部和土耳其帝国在巴尔干地区控制的其他城市的交通要道。

Achilles had once taken both of them prisoners in the glades of Ida, and had bound them with fresh withes as they were shepherding, but he had taken a ransom for them; now, however, Agamemnon son of Atreus smote Isus in the chest above the nipple with his spear, while he struck Antiphus hard by the ear and threw him from his chariot.

在此之前，阿基琉斯曾抓过他们――其时，他俩正牧羊在伊达的坡面――缚之以坚韧的柳条，以后又收取赎礼，放入生还。这一次，阿特柔斯之子，统治着辽阔疆域的阿伽门农，击倒了伊索斯――投枪扎进胸脯，奶头的上面――剑劈了安提福斯，砍在耳朵上，把他撂下马车。

It should be a general and common knowledge that given the top leader simutaniously to be a revolutionary leader and a ruling leader, the transition from a charismatic leader of a revolutional party to a legal-rational leader of a ruling party can not be easily achieved in genaral and the charismatic leader of a revolutional party can posibbly slide into the charismatic leader of a ruling party in a country which is transformed from a revolutionary type to a post-revolutionary one.

在领袖集革命精英与统治精英于一身的前提下，包括中国在内的、经历从革命到后革命转型的国家的政治发展从超凡革命党领袖向法理执政党领袖的转型在很大程度上难以完成，领袖角色变异为超凡执政党领袖，这应成为一种&公共的知识&。

In the thousands of years of Han history, there have been hundreds of peasant uprisings, great and small, against the dark rule of the landlords and the nobility.

在汉族的数千年的历史上，有过大小几百次的农民起义，反抗地主和贵族的黑暗统治。

In the age-old battle between cats and dogs, one crazed feline has taken things a paw too far. Kitty Galore, formerly an agent for cat spy organization MEOWS, has gone rogue and hatched a diabolical plan to not only bring her canine enemies to heel, but take down her former kitty comrades and make the world her scratching post.

在猫咪和狗狗这场跨越若干世纪的秘密战争中，有一只疯狂的猫走上了极端，它就是Kitty Galore，这只猫原本是猫咪间谍组织&喵&的一名特工，为了复仇它酝酿了一个毒辣的计划，不仅要将犬类踩在脚下，也要让同类对自己俯首帖耳，并统治世界。

Some of the monopolizing salt merchantmen monopolized the benefit of salt trade, local authorities held out the salt tax at their wills, while the National Government was facing great financial pressures caused by the expanding military expenditures.

但有待深入研究的问题仍很多，本文选择从盐政改革入手，在总结盐政改革的历史经验与教训的基础上，反思南京国民政府十年统治的得失成败，资为鉴镜。

Anakin's maimed body rolled down the embankment, towards the river's edge. Obi-Wan was crushed. The supposed Chosen One was no more, but only after wreaking so much destruction on the galaxy. The Jedi were gone. The Chancellor now ruled the galaxy, and the young hero he had come to regard as his beloved brother lay dying on the charred gravel of a hellish world.

安纳金的身躯摔在靠近岸边的河堤上；当心如刀割的欧比旺看著这位万中之选已经消失，只让银河在大毁灭之后变得更加脆弱，绝地被屠杀，议长统治了银河──而这位他曾当作自己挚爱兄弟的年轻英雄，如今却躺在这地狱世界的残破地面上。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。