绝热过程

A two-steps numerical method has been used to deal with this process. In every computation time-step, two phases are used: the first one is the adiabatic expansion and cracking phase; the second one is the phase of absorbing laser energy.

采用两步数值计算方法处理等离子体微滴的爆炸过程，即在每一个数值计算时间步长内，将爆炸过程分为两步，第一步处理微滴的绝热膨胀及裂解过程；第二步处理微滴对激光脉冲能量的吸收过程。

In order to widen the scope of application of the equation, a thermodynamical enthalpy potential equation of the LHSS equation was derived according to the thermodynamical relation of universality of the enthalpy, and it has been used for calculating the process of adiabatic throttle.

为拓宽该方程的适用范围，文章从热焓的普适性热动力学关系出发，推导了该方程的热力学焓差方程式，并把它应用于绝热节流计算过程。

Based on the early works, the C program language and the least square method were used to obtain the thermal viscoplastic constitutive equation.A mechanical thermal coupled model was created and DEFORM-2D was used to analyze the thermal and mechanical parameters' changing during the process of adiabatic shearing.

我们在所作的前期工作及国内外的研究成果的基础上，应用C语言程序实现了最小二乘法拟合热一粘塑性本构方程中待定参数的求解过程；在此基础上应用DEFORM 2D 有限元分析系统对，Ti-6A1-4V绝热剪切过程中的热一力变化历史进行了分析；在数值模拟结果的基础上，进行了再结晶动力学的分析与计算。

The frontogenesis process involves in the interactions among the systems of multiple scales. Since the hardness of the nonlinear problem, it is difficult to study frontogenesis analytically. The introduction of the effects of orography, friction and diabatic processes generally makes impossible the analytical resolution of the problem and leads to the use of numerical models. Primitive equations are numerical integrated together with a detailed description of physical processes. The circulation obtained is then used to diagnose and test theoretical mechanisms. It should be noted, however, that a fully description of frontogenesis in explicitly resolving the of large-, meso- and micro-scale flow in the same framework is not yet possible because of the excessive computer capacity and the time required. In order to deal with the problem, the action of large-scale background has been simplified and taken into consideration through the addition of the forcing into the nonhydrostatic cloud model.

大气锋生是一种多尺度相互作用的过程，理论研究遇到非线性的困难，在考虑地形、摩擦、非绝热等物理过程之后，解析研究更加棘手，通过数值模拟搞清其中的物理机制是重要的研究手段，但是把大、中、小尺度甚至微尺度的系统及其相互作用过程在一个模式里同时模拟好仍然受计算机速度和容量的限制，本论文在非静力云模式中通过强迫方式加入大尺度变形场的作用，在考虑到大尺度背景作用的同时，可以充分利用云模式所提供的丰富物理过程、非静力和高分辨率特点，开展一些过去较难进行的研究工作。

During the four years study on the project, we develop a dynamical forecast model that describing the subtropical ridge surface. A new theory on the role of the land-sea thermal difference on the formation of the Subtropical High is advanced. It is concluded that in the summer subtropics over each continent and its adjacent ocean LO, SE, CO, and a double-dominant heating from west to east compose a LOSECOD heating quadruplet. The influence of the Eurasia continent on SH varies according to the seasonal variation. From the ideal numerical simulation it is shown the important role of the Eaiuan continent and the huge topography on the mechanism of formation and mantanence of the SH during the summer. It is verified by the numerical simulation that the extension of the subtropical continent into the tropics greatly enhances the " East Asian monsoon". Through the Rossby energy dissipation theory it is verified that the deep latent convective heating induces the onset of the South China Sea monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The relationship and mechanism between the precipitaiton over the East Asia and the Subtropicla high is illustrated by the data. It is also found the close phase lock between the east-west shift of the SH and the disturbence of the east wind belt over the tropical troposphere. The interaction between the structure and activity feature of the SH and the Meiyu over the Yangtze-Huaihe river valley is revealed from the data. The numerical simulation verified the impact of the different SH pattern on the path of the typhoon.

本项目的研究发展了描述副热带高压脊面变化的动力模型，提出了夏季副热带地区四叶型非绝热加热分布型及相应环流拼图的创新理论；明确了大陆尺度的海陆热力差异在副热带高压形成中的作用；指出欧亚地形对副热带高压和气候的影响随季节变化而变化，通过数值试验证明春季青藏高原的感热加热对亚洲夏季风的爆发地点起了"锚定"的作用，进一步证实了副热带高压断裂和亚洲夏季风的最早爆发地点发生在孟加拉湾东岸；利用Rossby波能量频散理论证明了孟加拉湾深对流潜热释放诱导南海季风爆发的机制；揭示了东亚季风降水的季节内变化与西太副高的关系及机理；揭示了西太副高与东西风带中扰动之间的相互作用过程，指出西太副高的东西活动与热带对流层上空东风带扰动和中纬度西风带扰动的移动和锁相密切相关；研究了夏季淮河流域梅雨期间副高结构和活动特征及其与江淮暴雨的相互作用；验证了不同副热带高压形态对台风路径的不同影响；通过数值试验证明了欧亚大陆和青藏高原等大地形对副热带高压形成和维持的重要作用。

The remaining chapters of this thesis can be divided into two parts: thefirst part includes chapter 2 and 3, where studies about non-adiabaticphotodissociation of 〓 are discussed. Also presented is our theoreticalinvestigation on control of this process with pulsed laser fields; The secondpart of this thesis consists in chapter 4 and 5, where our application of quantumsymplectic methods to the full-dimensional unimolecular dissociation offormyl radical, HCO, is presented, results of ab initio calculation of the dipolemoment surface of HCO are also given.

论文余下的章节可以分成两个部分：第一部分包括第二和第三章，主要讨论对碘甲烷非绝热光解过程的研究，以及利用脉冲激光对这一过程进行控制的理论探讨；第二部分包括第四和第五章，借助量子辛算法研究了HCO三维解离过程中的一些动力学行为，并用从头算方法计算了HCO的偶极矩面。

It is shown that the generation of the PA effect results from two kinds of contribution only. One is the contribution of so called"thermal piston"--the gas boundary layer adjoining the heated sample which expands cyclically and pushes the rest gas just like piston. The compressing process of it is comfirmed to be isochoric. And the other is that of"mechanical piston"--the thermally expansive sample itself, the compressing process of which is found to be polytropic with a index of (2-〓).

一即是被称为&热活塞&的与材料受热表面相邻的边界层气体周期性热膨胀产生的压缩，其是定容过程；另一是被称为&机械活塞&的材料本身热膨胀产生的压缩，其是多变过程，多变指数为2-〓，γ为绝热压缩因子。

For these reasons, aiming at the low temperature separate method of light hydrocarbon recovery, the simple and accurate SRK state equation has been used to calculate the components thermodynamic characters of natural gas. This paper simulates the units process of the light hydrocarbon recovey process such as flow mixer/spilliter, flash, pump, valve, compressor, expander, distillation and heat exchange etc., and give examples to contrast calculation for each unit process.

为此，针对轻烃回收低温分离法工艺，以简单、准确的SRK状态方程为热力学计算基础模型，对轻烃回收工艺中的流股混合器、流股分割器、等温闪蒸器、绝热闪蒸器、泵、节流阀、压缩机、膨胀机、精馏过程及换热器等单元过程进行了模拟，并对各单元过程进行了实例对比计算。

Figure 9 shows the configuration of the experimental equipment employed in this research. The thermal input is provided primarily by a DC power supply. In addition, a 600W thermostatic tank at the heat exchange section is used to control the water temperature, and it works with a flow regulator to remove heat through the water jacket. Thermocouples are separately embedded at the inlet and outlet of the water jacket to monitor the temperature change. In the course of the experiment, each of the heat spreaders is enclosed by heat-insulating materials to prevent heat loss. The following are the main experimental parameters

图9为本研究之实验设备架构图，主要以一台 DC 电源供应器提供热量之输入，而在热交换端则以一600W 之恒温水槽控制水温，搭配流量调节器以水套带走热量，并于水套之入口及出口处分别嵌入 Thermocouple 监测温度变化，实验过程中，均温基板的四周皆以绝热材料包覆以防止热的损失，主要的实验参数如下

During the four years study on the project, we develop a dynamical forecast model that describing the subtropical ridge surface. A new theory on the role of the land-sea thermal difference on the formation of the Subtropical High is advanced. It is concluded that in the summer subtropics over each continent and its adjacent ocean LO, SE, CO, and a double-dominant heating from west to east compose a LOSECOD heating quadruplet. The influence of the Eurasia continent on SH varies according to the seasonal variation. From the ideal numerical simulation it is shown the important role of the Eaiuan continent and the huge topography on the mechanism of formation and mantanence of the SH during the summer. It is verified by the numerical simulation that the extension of the subtropical continent into the tropics greatly enhances the " East Asian monsoon". Through the Rossby energy dissipation theory it is verified that the deep latent convective heating induces the onset of the South China Sea monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The relationship and mechanism between the precipitaiton over the East Asia and the Subtropicla high is illustrated by the data. It is also found the close phase lock between the east-west shift of the SH and the disturbence of the east wind belt over the tropical troposphere. The interaction between the structure and activity feature of the SH and the Meiyu over the Yangtze-Huaihe river valley is revealed from the data. The numerical simulation verified the impact of the different SH pattern on the path of the typhoon.

本项目的研究发展了描述副热带高压脊面变化的动力模型，提出了夏季副热带地区四叶型非绝热加热分布型及相应环流拼图的创新理论；明确了大陆尺度的海陆热力差异在副热带高压形成中的作用；指出欧亚地形对副热带高压和气候的影响随季节变化而变化，通过数值试验证明春季青藏高原的感热加热对亚洲夏季风的爆发地点起了&锚定&的作用，进一步证实了副热带高压断裂和亚洲夏季风的最早爆发地点发生在孟加拉湾东岸；利用Rossby波能量频散理论证明了孟加拉湾深对流潜热释放诱导南海季风爆发的机制；揭示了东亚季风降水的季节内变化与西太副高的关系及机理；揭示了西太副高与东西风带中扰动之间的相互作用过程，指出西太副高的东西活动与热带对流层上空东风带扰动和中纬度西风带扰动的移动和锁相密切相关；研究了夏季淮河流域梅雨期间副高结构和活动特征及其与江淮暴雨的相互作用；验证了不同副热带高压形态对台风路径的不同影响；通过数值试验证明了欧亚大陆和青藏高原等大地形对副热带高压形成和维持的重要作用。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。