绝对值

The result is evaluated using mean absolute error, maximum absolute error and minimum absolute error.

所选用的精度指标包括：绝对值平均误差、绝对值最大误差以及绝对值最小误差三种。

Extract information based on the instantaneous features : In the center is one of the instantaneous rate of the power spectral density of the maximum, is a center to the absolute value of the instantaneous rate of the standard deviation, Non-zero weak signal instantaneous phase of the nonlinear component absolute standard deviation, Non-zero weak signal instantaneous phase of the nonlinear component standard deviation, In the center is one of the non-weak signal of the absolute value of the instantaneous frequency standard deviation, a signal to one of the instantaneous frequency of the power spectral density of the maximum, According to 16QAM and QPSK signals XI axis projection in the different performance parameters raised.

提取信号七个基于瞬时信息的特征：零中心归一化瞬时幅度功率谱密度的最大值，零中心归一化瞬时幅度绝对值的标准偏差，零中心非弱信号段瞬时相位非线性分量绝对值标准偏差，零中心非弱信号段瞬时相位非线性分量标准偏差，零中心归一化的非弱信号段瞬时频率绝对值的标准偏差，一个信号段的归一化瞬时频率功率谱密度的最大值，根据信号 QPSK 和16QAM在 XI 轴投影的不同表现，提出特征参数。

: Absolute value, inequality, absolute value inequality, analytic method."

中文关键词：：绝对值，不等式，绝对值不等式，分析法。

Its principle is that if absolute value of parent coefficient in coarse layer are larger magnitude, absolute value of son coefficients axe possibly larger. Therefore, it presents edge more possibly.

在不同层间，如果低分辨率下的父系数绝对值大，则在高分辨率下四个相应的子系数的绝对值可能性也大，则其所代表地图像边缘信息可能性越大。

absolute term can substitute for square term for nonlinear action, when the square term in lorenz-like system proposed by liu is replaced by absolute term, a new hyperchaotic system containing absolute term can be constructed by using proper feedback control method.

绝对值项的非线性化作用往往可以代替平方项，liu等人提出的类lorenz系统中平方项用绝对值代替，并利用合适的反馈控制手段，可以构造一种新的含有绝对值项的超混沌系统。

By utilizing an exponential transformation and piecewise linearization technique,transforming the exponential terms into the sum of absolute terms,and linearizing each absolute term,the original problem can be transformed into a linear programming problem which can be easily solved.

使用指数变换及利用分段线性化技术转变每个指数项为一些带绝对值项的和，再将绝对值项线性化，最终将原问题转化为一个线性规划问题。

The definition of the absolute value for a fuzzy number is obtained.Furthermore,a lot ofproblems,such as absolute integrability,bounded variation and absolute continuity,arepresented and discussed.The representation theorem of the absolute values of fuzzy num-bers is established.It plays an important role in discussing the problems conceming theabsolute value.The relation between the absolute integrability and integrabili-ty is discussed,and the following result is obtained:aintegrable fuzzy-number-valued function is absolutely integrable iff it is integrable.The relation between theabsolute integrability and the absolute continuity of the primitive for fuzzy-number-valuedfunctions is dealt with.It is also pointed out that a fuzzy number valued function is ab-solutelyintegrable if and only if its integral primitive is fuzzy absolutely continuous.

提出了模糊数绝对值的概念并讨论了与绝对值相关的一系列问题，如绝对可积性、有界变差性、绝对连续性等，给出了模糊数绝对值的定义以及表示定理，该表示定理在涉及绝对值问题的讨论中起非常重要的作用；讨论了绝对可积与可积之间的关系，得到了结论：可积的模糊数值函数绝对可积的充要条件是该模糊数值函数可积；给出了模糊数值函数绝对可积与其积分原函数绝对连续性之间的关系，指出模糊数值函数绝对可积的充要条件是其原函数模糊绝对连续。

Just pay attention to that the gains for plus and minus signals are the same, and the area of the signal around zero. I checked the LM35, the accuracy is good, but does it need 2 diodes in series to measure the temperature lower than -20 degree C? You could consider TC1047A that I used before, it doesn't need any other component, and it can go directly to A/D.

我用4051是想将AD620的＋/-输出信号不通过绝对值电路，而是接一个反相电路，反相前后的信号通过4051和极性判断电路有选择的将信号的绝对值电压再送入AD，用这个方法也能处理温度传感器LM35的输出信号，我想这是个比较安全的方法了吧！

According to the absolute value of the coefficient in 3 the principal components,Marmot habitat selection'main factors were elevation、slope gradient、longitude(the absolute value of the coefficient respective were:0.860、0.740、0.712)and so on geography factor.Vegetation height and aboveground biomass have synergistic effect with geography factor.Distance from human disturbance and distance from road(the absolute value of the coefficient respective were:0.814 and 0.820) human activity factor were secondary factor.Vegetation coverage would named vegetation factor (the absolute value of the coefficient was:0.816) have very important influence to Marmota habitat selection.

根据三个主成分中载荷系数绝对值的大小可以判断影响旱獭生境选择的主要生态因子是海拔、坡度、纬度(载荷系数绝对值分别为：0.860、0.740、0.712)等地理因子，草高、地上生物量与地理因子又具有协同效应；距人为干扰距离、距公路距离(载荷系数绝对值分别为：0.814和0.820)人类活动因素是次要因子；盖度(载荷系数绝对值为：0.816)将其命名为植被因子，对旱獭的生境选择也具有重要的影响作用。

This equation is suitable for conditions of the pressure from 0.03 MPa to 53 MPa, density from 2.9 kg/m^3 to 1800 kg/m^3, and temperature from 204 K to 473 K. The average absolute deviations of this equation for gaseous phase pressure, vapor pressure and liquid density are 0.296%, 0.213% and 0.148%, respectively.

将该方程计算的HFC-227ea的pVT数据与实验数据比较后表明：两者的气相压力平均绝对值偏差为0.296%，饱和蒸气压平均绝对值偏差为0.213%，液相密度平均绝对值偏差为0.148%。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。