给药

We determinedthe compartmental pharmacokinetics of dantrolene, simulatedthe concentration time course based on currently recommendeddosing, and suggest an optimal regimen.

我们测定了丹曲林的分室药代动力学，模拟基于近来建议剂量的浓度时间过程，并提出了一个理想的给药方式。9名志愿者(55–89kg)接受静脉输注丹曲林(5mg/kg ，30分钟后给予0.05mg · kg–1 · h–15h)。

The research aimed to study the effect of Cynanchum komanovii alkaloid on cellular immune function of mice 32 mice were divided into three experimental groups given medicament with daily dose of 12,24,48 mg/kg.bw and a control group infused with 0.5 ml/d distilled water in 30 days.

研究牛心朴子生物碱对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响。取32只小鼠，按灌药剂量分为12、24、48mg/kg.bw3个试验组和1个蒸馏水对照组(0.5ml/d)，连续给药30d，分别观察牛心朴子生物碱对小鼠体重、脏器指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬作用及外周血T淋巴细胞数量的影响。

The growth inhibiting rate of T24 cell lines were detected by MTT methods, apoptosis of cells were detected by flow cytometry, the mechanism of apoptosis was analyzed by detecting the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and cytoplastic protein Cytochrome C. 4 We injected live T24 cells into the subcutaneous space of nude mice and successfully built up the animal model of bladder carcinoma. The effect of CS-PAA-EPI polymer magnetic microspheres targeting chemotherapy was investigated by HE staining, TUNEL ,tumor weight and volume inhibition rate. Results: 1 TEM revealed that the CS-PAA polymer magnetic microspheres were regular spherical shape,the average diameter was 80nm in dry condition. By controlling the pH value of the medium,polymers had positive or negative zeta potential. VSM showed the CS-PAA polymer magnetic microspheres had superparamagnetic. The diameter of CS-PAA-EPI polymer magnetic microspheres were 200nm in solution by DLS examining,the embedding ratio was 20%,the EPI loading rate was 15%, which was higer than reported in other articles. 2 Raw eye observation found that the rat"s bladder of treatment group was brown color,which meaned the aggregation of iron particles, compared with the control group, iron stain found iron particles were assembled in rat"s bladder of the treatment group, the amount of iron particles in liver and spleen were less obviously.

研究结果：1合成的CS-PAA磁性聚合物微球呈球形，大小均一，TEM测定其干态下粒径为80nm左右，磁化曲线证实具有超顺磁性，具有一定的PH敏感性，固载表柔比星后，水溶液性状稳定，无沉淀物，DLS测定直径约200nm左右，测定载药率为15％，较文献报道高，包封率为20％。2肉眼观察试验组大鼠膀胱表面呈褐色，可见大量的Fe粒子聚集，普鲁士兰染色法显示，试验组大鼠膀胱壁内有大量的Fe粒子，分布至膀胱壁全层，与对照组大鼠相比，试验组大鼠的肝、脾内的Fe粒子聚集量明显降低；HPLC测定结果与Fe染色相同；高剂量磁性CS-PAA-EPI生理盐水组及单纯EPI生理盐水组均在给药后14天出现血肌酐和尿素氮的升高，其他组大鼠血生化指标没有明显变化。3MTT法发现，高、中、低剂量磁性CS-PAA-EPI生理盐水组在外加磁场的协同作用下杀伤T24细胞效应明显高于单纯的EPI生理盐水组，FCM发现试验药物组可引起明显的肿瘤细胞凋亡，试验药物治疗组细胞胞浆内出现了由线粒体释放出的细胞色素C，试验组细胞Bcl-2蛋白减少，Bax蛋白变化不明显，Caspase-3、Caspase-9蛋白受到了激活活化。4高、中、低剂量磁性CS-PAA-EPI生理盐水组的瘤重抑制率和瘤体积抑制率均明显高于单纯的EPI生理盐水组(P＜0.01)，其中高剂量组的抑制率最高。

The applicator is a vaginally insertable elongated object about five inches in length, adapted to receive and dispense the formulation.

该给药器为一种长约5英寸、可插入阴道的、适合取药和配药的细长物体。

Objective: To investigate the pharmacokinetics profile of fangchinoline and tetrandrine in rats after administration of single compound and mixture with other intergradient in traditional prescription.

中文摘要：目的：对防己诺林碱与粉防己碱两种化合物在大鼠体内的药动学及复方给药的影响进行研究。

Aim To investigate the pharmacokinetics of rabeprazole after intravenous, intraportal and intraduodenal administration at various doses and to clarify the impact of hepatic and intestinal first-pass effects to bioavailability of rabbits.

目的 研究雷贝拉唑在大白兔体内经十二指肠、门静脉与外周静脉等不同方式及不同剂量给药时的药代动力学，并探讨肠道、肝脏首过效应分别对其生物利用度的影响。

Methods: According to the mechanism of cough reflex, the c-fibres's role in the respiratory system, and the principle of isosterism. Here, a peripheral antitussive LD was regarded as a lead compound. Amino functional groups, as substituents at the 1-hydroxy group of the racemate of LD, were introduced into the structure of the molecule. These novel compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, MS spectrum. Their antitussive activities were studied on mice in sequential method. The EDT50, the stimulating time that caused cough by NH3 on half of mice, were measured. Then could caculated the ratio R between the EDT50 of the treated groups and control group.

根据咳嗽反射的机制及C-纤维在呼吸系统的作用，以外周镇咳药左羟丙哌嗪为先导化合物，依据电子等排原理，在其结构中引入氨基以取代羟丙哌嗪分子中1位的羟基，设计一系列未见报道的化合物（01-15）；并采用了一条适宜的路线进行合成，通过1H-NMR、MS确证结构；采用&序贯法&实验进行新化合物的镇咳活性研究，动物模型采用氨水引咳小鼠，获得引致半数小鼠咳嗽的氨水刺激时间（EDT50）及给药组EDT50与对照组的比值R。

The elimination half-life t(subscript β1/2 was 161.10h, 333.21 h and 611.26h, respectively, and the total body clearance was 27.4mL/, 16.8g/ and 18.0g/, respectively. The metabolite ciprofloxacin concentration-time profiles of the plasma, muscle and liver presented similar trend. The multi- peak phenomenon were observed in the plasma, muscle and liver, but the first peak time was 24h, 24h and 12h, respectively. The peak residue of metabolite ciprofloxacin was in liver, muscle and plasma, ordinally. The eliminating rate of ciprofloxacin from muscle and liver was very low.

代谢物环丙沙星在鳗鲡血浆、肌肉和肝脏中药物水平的变化趋势与恩诺沙星基本相似，呈现出多峰现象，但3种组织中环丙沙星出现第一个药峰时间分别为给药后第24小时、24小时和12小时，3种组织中环丙沙星峰值水平肝脏中最高、肌肉中次之、血浆中最低，环丙沙星在肌肉和肝脏中的消除速率比较缓慢。

Osmotically controlled oral drug delivery systemsutilize osmotic pressure for controlled delivery of active agents.

中文摘要：口服渗透泵控释给药系统作为目前最理想的控释技术之一，具有释药均匀恒速、不受体内环境影响、适应范围广等特点。

Test results: Administered on Day 14 after first injection, the animals in the first group (No. 1, 2, 3) did not present any reactions such as piloerection, jitter, cough, scrunching, dyspnea conulsion or death.

实验结果：第一次注射后14天由股静脉给药的第一组动物（1，2，3号）药后未见动物有竖毛，颤抖，咳嗽，蜷缩，躁动，呼吸困难，抽搐以至死亡现象出现。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。