给定器

On the basis of previous study, the available procedure for two-dimensional steam flow and heat transfer prediction is modified in the aspects of boundary condition processing method and the matching technique of condenser and air pump performances. The procedure is verified by comparing calculation results of condensers with available experimental data, and a good agreement is achieved.

在前人发展的汽相流动与传热特性二维计算程序基础上，完善了二维计算方法的功能，探讨了各种特殊情况下的边界条件合理给定方法及凝汽器工作性能与抽气器工作性能匹配的方法，并采用制造厂和文献的实验数据验证了物理模型和计算程序的适用性，最后完善了程序的前后处理功能。

We find a set of beam splitter parameters which are very useful for the production of entanglement, and for given input states, we find that the greatest entanglement degree determined by nonclassicalities of two input modes can be obtained using these parameters.

我们还发现一组非常便于产生纠缠的分束器参数，而且对于给定的输入模，就在这组参数下，能够得到分束器所能达到的最大纠缠度，它取决于两个输入模的非经典度。

According to the demand of high magnetic field power supply, reference is increased with a set ramp rate and stops at a set stable value, so reference system is composed of digital setting and digit to analog converting circuit. But the stability of reference is mostly guaranteed by the performance of D/A circuit, so D/A circuit is particularly studied in reference system. The scheme of D/A circuit, the selection of DAC and its voltage reference, hardware anti-jamming design and PCB design are discussed in detail, and software of remote control and PLC are discussed in brief. Zero-flux DC current transformer well satisfies the demands of the high stability of Load current detection unit, so the principle of zero-flux DC current transformer is analyzed; in the mean time a project which detects the long term stability is designed. During 8 hours, analog signal which is detected with high precision digit multimeter is recorded in computer at 1HZ frequency by GPIB communication. The drift error source and related parameters are explained in the compare-amplify part. Detailed subtraction circuit is designed; also amplifier chip and periphery components are selected and verified according to the theory of error analysis.

根据强磁场电源的需求，参考源应按照软件设定的斜率逐渐上升到设定稳态值，则参考源系统应由数字给定和数模转换电路两大部分组成，而参考源的稳定度主要依靠完成数模转换功能的模拟电路的性能来保证，因此本文对参考源系统的研究以数模转换电路为重点，分别从电路方案的确定、数模转换芯片及其基准电压源的选取和验证、电路板硬件抗干扰和PCB设计几方面进行了论述，然后对数字给定部分的远控组态和PLC程序设计作了简要介绍；采用零磁通原理的直流电流转换器很好地满足了对负载电流检测单元高稳定度的需求，本文详细分析了零磁通检测的原理，并在选定此种类型电流转换器的基础上设计了一套检测长期稳定度的方案，8小时内以1秒为采样周期，通过计算机Labview程序和高精度数字电压表的GPIB通讯，将被高精度数字电压表数字化后的模拟信号采样值连续记录至计算机中；比较放大环节简要阐述了漂移产生的原因和相关参数指标，确定了具体的减法电路形式，并根据误差分析理论对运算放大器和外围元器件进行了选取和验证。

For a given geometric parameter there exists a boundary condition, which gives a minimum value of the total exergy loss rate for a unit volume, and vice versa.

该结论对优化设计换热器及对给定边界条件的换热器优化选取具有一定的指导意义。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

Afterwards, we propose a new constant coefficients measurement method in dynamic equation of robot manipulators, this measurement method includes three groups of experiments: group one, let each joint of robot manipulator keep static to measure the constant coefficients in gravity term of dynamic equation and Coulomb frictional torque, group two: let only one joint of robot manipulator move at a constant velocity to measure the viscous frictional coefficient and constant coefficients in effective inertia of dynamic equation, group three: let only one joint of robot manipulator move at constant acceleration at a time to measure constant coefficients in Coriolis and centrifugal term and coupling inertia of dynamic equation.

让操作器单个关节恒速运动，在对驱动系统中传动机构，减速装置和电感系数综合考虑的基础上，这组实验对粘滞摩擦系数及有效惯量中常数系数进行测量。这种测量方法只要求旋转关节的驱动电机施加恒定电压，回转关节驱动电机施加正弦波电压。3。让操作器单个关节恒加速运动，这组实验测量动力学方程中哥氏力、离心力项和耦合惯量项中的常数系数，这种测量方法只要求单个关节匀加速运动，而其它各关节保持静止，这种测量方法虽然要求关节匀加速运动，但不必进行关节角加速度检测，而只需进行关节角位移和角速度检测即可，输入量直接给定为输入电压。

These setters, if present, must occur at the beginning of the Prolog, in any order.

这些给定器如果存在，必须出现在序言的开始，以任何次序。

It is a backward-chaining reasoner enhanced with Euler path detection and will tell you whether a given set of facts and rules supports a given conclusion.

它是一个后向链接推理器，支持欧拉路径检测，可以告诉你给定的一套事实和规则是否支持给定的结论。

Then basing the selective thread bar, we can select the speed reducer whose model is XB1-50 . Basing the selective harmonies waves speed reducer ,we can confirm the servo electromotor whose type is 110SZ07 . Then we can design the spindles of every component ,which conclude the spindle of between the speed reducer and electromotor axis, which is a round bond sleeve spindle and the spindle between the speed reducer and the thread bar, which is flat bond sleeve spindle , the bearing , the track whose type is roll track HJG-D25, and the collective structure of the plate.

根据给定的工作台的切削力、传动精度、行程等确定丝杠为滚珠丝杠副FC1-2004-2.5，由丝杠的尺寸及转矩，选择减速器为XB1-50型的谐波减速器，本根据谐波减速器的输入力矩尺寸及减速比，选择伺服电机为直流伺服电机110SZ07，其转速为10000rpm，然后设计元器件间的联轴器，包括减速器与电机轴间的半圆键套筒联轴器、减速器与丝杠间的平键套筒联轴器，设计轴承，导轨为HJG-D25的滚动导轨，及工作台的总体结构。

The transmitter has a physical layer transmitter for receiving data, formatting the received data into packets transmitting the packets and retransmitting packets in response to failure to receive a corresponding acknowledgment for a given packet; an acknowledgment receiver for receiving the corresponding acknowledgment; and an adaptive modulation and coding controller for collecting retransmission statistics and adjusting the particular data encoding/modulation using the collected statistics.

该发射器处的一物理层发射器是接收数据且将该接收到的数据格式化成具有一特殊编码/数据调制的数个分组。该物理层发射器包含n个信道，以发所述分组及相应未接收到相对应一给定分组的一相对应确认信息而再次发送分组。该发射器中的一适应性调制及编码控制器是收集再次发送的统计且使用该收集到的统计来调整该特殊编码/数据调制。该接收器具有一物理层n-信道接收器，以接收所述分组。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。