结缔组织瘤

Abstract］ objective to study the pathological features and histopathological type and differential diagnosis of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia.methods the clinicopathological characteristics of 40 cases of fnh were studied.all were evaluted by use of paraffin embedded sections and he staining before light microcope observation.results there were 28 females and 12 males fnh patients whose age were from 16 to 62 years（median 41.3）,all alpha-fetoprotein was negative and had no hepatitis history.25 cases were classic type showed characteristic central stellate fibrotic scar,composed of fibrous connestive tissue and tortuous blood vessels.8 cases were telangiectic type,the left were mixed type and adenomatoid type.conclusion fnh is a reactive proliferation of hepatic cells to local blood vessel anomalies,it is not realy a tumor.its differential diagnosis includes hepatic adenomatous hyperplasia nodule,hepatic anaplasia nodular hyperplasia,fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma.

目的 探讨肝局灶性结节性增生的病理形态特点、组织分型及鉴别诊断。方法分析40例肝局灶性结节性增生的临床资料，并采用石蜡包埋he染色光镜下观察其组织学特点。结果 40例肝局灶性结节性增生患者中，女28例，男12例，年龄18~62岁，平均年龄41.3岁，所有病例术前均无肝炎病史，甲胎蛋白阴性，组织学上25例为经典型，有特征性的中央纤维瘢痕，由纤维结缔组织及扭曲血管组成。8例为毛细血管扩张型，其余为混合型及腺瘤样增生型。结论肝结节性增生是一种肝细胞对局部血管的异常反应性增生，并非真性肿瘤，主要与肝腺瘤样增生性结节、肝间变性结节状增生、肝纤维板层癌及肝细胞腺瘤鉴别。

Objective:To study the histogenesis and cell differentiation of desmoplastic ameloblastoma.

目的：探讨促结缔组织增生型成釉细胞瘤（desmoplastic ameloblastoma，DA）的组织发生与细胞分化机制。

Objective To detect the expression of connective tissue growth factor and its upstorm and downstorm effectors in neurofibroma tissue, and to investigate the profibrotic effect of CTGF in neurofibroma tissue.

目的：观察结缔组织生长因子在神经纤维瘤组织中的表达情况及与其上、下游效应基因表达的关系，探讨CTGF在神经纤维瘤组织中的促纤维化机制。

Result:TNF-α was localized in the epitheliun and connective tissue of cholesteatomas studied, particularly on basal and spinous cells and macrophages.

结果：TNF-α定位于胆脂瘤组织的上皮及上皮下结缔组织，较正常外耳道及鼓膜的染色明显增强。

Results 86 cases were of pilomatrixoma （71.1%）,11 cases of trichoepithelioma （9.1%）,1 case was of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma,2 cases of trichoblastoma,5 cases of dilaled pore and pilar sheath acanthoma、1 case was of follicular toumor,3 cases of trichofolliculoma,3 cases of proliferating folliculas cyst and proliferating tricholemmoma,6 cases of tricholemmoma of pilar sheath adrentitial.

结果 毛母质瘤86例（71.1%）、毛发上皮瘤11例（9.1%）、促结缔组织增生性毛发上皮瘤1例、毛母细胞瘤2例、圆锥漏斗状棘皮瘤与毛鞘棘皮瘤5例、毛囊漏斗肿瘤1例、毛发滤泡瘤与毛发滤泡癌3例、增生性毛囊囊肿与增生性外毛根鞘瘤3例、毛鞘瘤与毛鞘癌6例。

At histopathologic analysis, neuronal tumors are usually classified as pure neuronal cell tumors (gangliocytoma, Lhermitte-Duclos disease , central neurocytoma) and mixed neuronal-glial tumors (ganglioglioma, desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, ganglioneuroma).

根据组织病理学的分析，神经元肿瘤通常被分为：单纯的神经元细胞肿瘤（神经节细胞瘤，Lhermitte-Duclos 病〔发育不良性小脑神经节细胞〕瘤），中枢神经细胞瘤）和混合性的神经元-胶质肿瘤（神经节神经胶质瘤，成结缔组织性婴儿节细胞胶质瘤，胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤，神经节瘤）。

We found that 1 mutant EG4 cells showed typical characteristics of pluripotent stem cells which had no obvious difference with wild cells; 2 When induced by 10〓 M retinoic acid , mutant EG4 cells differentiated into adipocytes with high frequency compared with mutant cells, suggested that EGFR plays a role in adipocyte differentiation; 3 when injected into nude mice, mutant teratocarcinomas contained a large amount of connective tissues as well as skeletal muscle, while wild EG4 cells produced frequently cartilage, keratinocyte and neuroepithelium.

我们建立了稳定表达胞内区功能缺失的外源EGFR cDNA片段的EG4细胞，分析其生长分化特性，发现 1）突变型细胞可在未分化状态下维持长时间的增殖，表明EGFR对EG多能干细胞表型无明显影响；2）〓 M的维甲酸A(retinoid acid A，RA)诱导后，大部分对照组细胞分化为脂肪细胞，而突变型细胞分化为脂肪细胞的比例明显较少，表明EGFR在脂肪细胞的发育分化中具有一定的调节作用；3）畸胎瘤切片分析显示，突变型瘤组织分布有大量的未分化细胞和结缔组织，分化细胞以肌肉细胞为主；对照组瘤组织含丰富的角质上皮、软骨、神经管等依赖EGFR的分化组织。

Diseased cobias were collected from some net-cage farms at Hsiqu Liouchiou Island, next to Dunggang, Taiwan. Some little nodes appeared on surfaces of their fins and skins. When the symptom became serious, they looked like sarcomas. Almost every organ, including liver, spleen, kidney, fin, heart, stomach, intestine of a hard-sick cobia were dealt through the following processes:fixation, section and staining. Only at the connective tissues of fins and epithelium did we find hypertrophy cells which own big nuclei and inclusion bodies around the nuclei.

中文摘要本实验自屏东小琉球采集某家养殖业者箱网网中的罹病海鲡，外观上，鳍与部分体表出现结节状之小颗粒，严重时，呈现瘤状肉柄，取其各部位组织包括：肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、鳍、心脏、胃、肠等进行固定、切片及染色，发现唯有於鳍与皮肤部位之结缔组织细胞，明显可见肥大之现象，肥大之细胞拥有巨大细胞核与围绕著细胞核的包涵体网状结构，由於肥大细胞之堆叠，导致鱼体之鳍与一些表皮部位有颗粒状的「结节」存在。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。