结石的

In addition, the principle of treating calculi on both sides of the upper urinary tract, acute anuria, stag-horn calculi , replacement of the ureter with ileum, perinephric abscess formed on the basis of urinary obstruction by the calculi , excretion of calculi by treatment with medicinal herbs and other proble...

本文报告双侧上尿路结石40例，对其临床情况、手术措施、治疗效果及并发症等均作了阐述和分析；对双侧上尿路结石处理原则、急性尿闭、鹿角状结石、肾部分切除、回肠代输尿管、由于结石梗阻而形成的肾周围脓肿、中药排石等问题作了较充分的讨论。

We have a senior team of authority experts who have many years of clinical treatment and research experience in lithiasis.

资深的权威专家团队拥有多年结石病临床诊疗与研究经验，精于各类结石疾病诊断与切除缝合治疗，在结石病微创诊疗领域有极高造诣，对于中国结石病诊疗技术的整体发展孝敬突出。

According to the size, the gallstones were divided into 3 groups: maxims stones group, middle stones group, microlith group.

根据结石梗阻的部位将病人分为3组：胆总管下端结石组，壶腹部结石嵌顿组，结石排出组。

Methods 56 patients with complicated renal calculi were investigated retrospectively, including 43 cases with unilateral calculi, 13 cases with bilateral calculi, 48 cases with staghorn calculi,18 cases with pyonephrosis. The longitudinal size of calculi was 5-8 cm.

对接受经皮肾镜气压弹道超声碎石术的56例复杂性肾结石患者的资料进行回顾性分析，其中单侧结石 43例，双侧结石13 例，鹿角形结石 48例，合并脓肾18例，合并肾积水11例，结石长径5～8 cm。

Percent of infected dogs were feed mainly with duck and chick livers or other animals viscus or muscle, which contained a large number of protein and ions with singular nutrition.

治疗以药物排石和手术为主，改变结石形成、生长的环境，通过药物对较大的结晶体颗粒溶解，多饮水或用速尿等促进结石随尿液排出；膀胱结石、尿道结石多采用手术取石法，但存在复发率高的缺点。

In this artical, the author reported a newly designed and manufactured extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor, Its structure, function and clinical application were described, This is a kind of spark light dischange lithotrip-tot and may be employed without anesthesia and without immersion of pa-tients into the water, The electrodes can be used for a long period, First 30 patients of upper urolithiasis were healed with good results: stones all broken, no local subcutaneous ecchymosis, no uncomfortable feeli...

报道作者研制的体外震波碎石机的结构、性能和临床应用初步情况。该台碎石机属电极放电类型，但免除了水槽，电极寿命长，病人不用麻醉。临床首批治疗30例上尿路结石，结石均被粉碎，病员无痛苦不适，局部皮肤无灼伤、瘀血点，未见心电图异常改变，治疗后半小时至24小时开始排石。短期随访，12例于3天～30天内排尽结石，15例在继续排石中，3例肾盏结石排石量较少。取得了较满意的疗效。

Abstract］ objective to summarize the methods and experience and analysing of curative effects of open operation combined eswl treating renal staghorn calculi.methods therapeutic results of 8 cases of renal staghorn calculi were analysed retrospectively.results the lithous horn of 8 cases were broken by eswl before operation,then the renal calculus were removed by pyelolithotomy or extended pyelolithotomy.conclusion the method was a good choice of renal staghorn calculi with high stone-free rate,little trauma and less complication.

摘要］ 目的总结开放性手术结合eswl治疗鹿角状肾脏结石方法经验并进行疗效分析。方法回顾分析了8例鹿角状肾脏结石患者的治疗结果。结果 8例患者术前eswl将结石角粉碎，然后应用肾盂切开或肾窦扩大切开手术取出肾盂和肾盏内结石。结论该方法对于鹿角状肾脏结石治疗，结石取净率高，对肾脏损伤小、并发症少，是较为适合的方法。

Results Ureteral calculuses were showed as high density image in CT scanning.The CT values of the ureteral calculuses less than 7.5mm in diameter were beyond 83HU.The detection rate by CT was 96.3%.In all the 82 cases,ureteral with calculuses were found dilated and 69 cases with nephrohydrosis.

结果 输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有特征性的CT表现，即圆形或枣核状钙化高密度影，结石直径＜7.5mm，CT值≥83HU，CT确诊率96.3%。82例均发现病侧输尿管增粗，69例发现病侧肾盂少量积水，肾盂未见积水的输尿管膀胱入口处结石13例，其结石直径＜3.8mm。

The CT values of the ureteral calculuses less than 7.5mm in diameter were beyond 83HU.The detection rate by CT was 96.3%.In all the 82 cases,ureteral with calculuses were found dilated and 69 cases with nephrohydrosis.In 13 cases with no nephrohydrosis,caculuses less than 3.8 mm in diameter were found.

结果 输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有特征性的CT表现，即圆形或枣核状钙化高密度影，结石直径＜7.5mm，CT值≥83HU，CT确诊率96.3%。82例均发现病侧输尿管增粗，69例发现病侧肾盂少量积水，肾盂未见积水的输尿管膀胱入口处结石13例，其结石直径＜3.8mm。

To improve the effect of CDCA on dissolving cholesterol gallstone, the water-soluble copolymers as polycarboxylic acid of comb-like copolymers and C_(60)-PCC were synthesized, which being used for modification of CDCA and strengthening effects of CDCA on dissolving the cholesterol gallstones by their entropy-repelled properties of comb-shaped side chains in buffers of phosphate and in model bile.The design theory of polymer was mainly employed to synthesis the conjugate of PCC-CDCA and C_(60)-PCC-CDCA by C_(60), polyoxyalkylene allylalkyldiether and maleic anhydride, which were copolymerized with AIBN as initiator, and then PCC or C_(60)-PCC were reacted with CDCA. The structures of the copolymers and the conjugates of PCC-CDCA and C_(60)-PCC-CDCA were confirmed with IR, TLC and TEM. The dissolving effects and the dissolution kinetics mechanism of cholesterol gallstone was inverstigated in PBS and in model bile of different cholesterol saturated index at pH7.4, including PCC-CDCA or C_(60)-PCC-CDCA.

利用高分子设计理论，以烯丙基聚氧乙烯基醚、顺丁烯二酸酐、C_(60)和CDCA为原料，以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂，合成具有梳状侧链结构的梳状共聚物-CDCA结合物和C_(60)-梳状共聚物-CDCA结合物，以IR、TLC和TEM法表征共聚物的结构，并在pH7.4的PBS液和不同胆固醇饱和指数的模拟胆汁中进行溶石效果的研究，探讨在PBS液和不同CSI的模拟胆汁中结合物溶解胆固醇结石的效果和溶解动力学机制。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。