结石

Methods Retrospective analysis was taken to analyze the clinical data of persons who were treated with retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy.

对采用后腹腔镜治疗输尿管中上段结石患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and explore the major techniques of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy.

目的 探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术的技术要点，评价微创手术方法治疗上段输尿管结石的临床价值。

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value and efficacy of retroperitoneoscopic upper ureterolithotomy.

目的：探讨经后腹腔镜输尿管上段切开取石术治疗输尿管结石的临床价值和疗效。

Methods:12 cases underwent retroperitoneoscopic upper ureterolithotomy.

对12例（14侧）输尿管上段结石采用后腹腔镜治疗。

As compared to open ureterolithotomy, laparoscopic ureterolithotomy has the advantages of rapid recovery and less pain. It is a selective microinvasive method for the treatment of ureteralcaluli.

腹腔镜输尿管上段切开取石术与开放手术相比具有创伤小、恢复快、痛苦小等优点，是输尿管上段结石患者微创治疗的一种可选择的方法。

Retroperitoneal laparoscopy ureterolithotomy is safe and effective with a rapid postoperative rehabilitation.

后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管上段结石安全、疗效确切，患者创伤小、恢复快。

Objectives: To guide the clinical practice, the paper is to investigate the treatment of advantage, disadvantage, and indication by improved retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy compared with open ureterolithotomy.

目的：本研究旨在通过组合应用改进的后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术技术操作方法，将手术结果相关指标与开放手术进行对比，探讨后腹腔镜治疗输尿管结石的利弊及手术适应症，指导临床工作。

Results The stone was completely expelled in 18 cases with slight complications (hematuria 1～2 days) after 1～2 more times ESWL ,6 cases failed and went to ureterolithotomy.

结果 18例粘连性结石经球囊导管扩张后剥离粘连，结合体外冲击波碎石1～2次后粉碎排净，并发症轻微，只有血尿1～2d，自行消失。6例失败改切开取石。

Results:17 cases were abandoned because of stone migration to renal pelvis,8 cases were stopped owing to the tortuosity or the narrowness of ureters,5 cases failed because operation area was not clear,6 cases were managed by open ureterolithotomy because of ureteral perforation.

结果：17例手术中结石移位进入肾盂，无法碎石；8例因输尿管走行迂曲或输尿管狭窄置镜未成功；5例因局部出血或引流不畅导致视野不清终止手术；6例因输尿管穿孔而改开放手术。

Among them, 28 cases (65.1%) were renal uterteral urolithiasis, 4 cases (9.2%) were renal and ureteral tuberculosis, 3 cases (7.0%) were renal and ureteral neoplasm, 2 cases (4.6%) were chronic inflammatory diseases, 1 case (2.3%) was rupture of the ureter, 2 cases (4.6%) were duplication deformity, 1 case (2.3%) was congenital megaureter, 1 case (2.3%) was congenital ureterostenosis, 1 case (2.3%) was retroperitoneal fibrosis.

其中，肾和输尿管结石28例(65.1%)，肾及输尿管结核4例(9.2%)，输尿管肿瘤3例(7.0%)，慢性炎症2例(4.6%)，输尿管破裂1例(2.3%)，重复肾盂输尿管畸形2例(4.6%)，先天性巨输尿管1例(2.3%)，先天性输尿管狭窄1例(2.3%)，腹膜后纤维化1例(2.3%)。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。